Activated Carbon from Biomass for Mercury Capture: Effect of the Leaching Pretreatment on the Capture Efficiency

Arvelakis, Stelios; Crocker, Charlene R.; Folkedahl, Bruce C.; Pavlish, John H.; Spliethoff, Hartmut

doi:10.1021/ef900613b

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Activated carbons (ACs) are widely used in many applications, such as solid adsorbents in pollutant adsorption − and as electrodes in fuel cells, secondary batteries, and electrochemical capacitors. − ACs are commonly produced from carbonaceous materials such as wood, coal, , and coconut shells. , In addition, they can be prepared from biomass wastes from agricultural and industrial processes. ,− Coal and coconut shells are commercially used as raw materials for AC preparation. However, since biomass wastes are generally inexpensive and abundant, their effective use is desirable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Nitrogen on the Porosity, Surface, and Electrochemical Characteristics of Activated Carbon

et al. 2020

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Surface functionalities of activated carbon can be affected by the presence of heteroatoms such as oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen. In this work, nitrogen-doped activated carbons (NACs) were prepared from shrimp shells, and the effects of the mixing ratio (raw material to an activating agent) on the porous texture and surface functionalities were investigated. It was found that, with increasing the mixing ratio (resulting in increasing N/C), the development of mesoporosity was significantly observed. This led to decreasing microporosity and specific surface areas (SSAs). The obtained NACs exhibited nitrogen functionalities in the forms of pyridinic and pyrrolic groups. It was found that although the pyridinic-N has a detrimental effect on the SSA, it does favor the pseudocapacitance, leading to an enhancement in the ion storage capability regardless of the low SSA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Nitrogen on the Porosity, Surface, and Electrochemical Characteristics of Activated Carbon

et al. 2020

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“…The water-soluble elements in biomass have been studied widely (see refs , , , , , , , , − , , , , , and − ). It was found that the element proportions leached from different biomass sources are variable.…”

Section: Results and Ddscussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water-Soluble Fractions of Biomass and Biomass Ash and Their Significance for Biofuel Application

Vassilev

Vassileva

2019

Energy Fuels

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An overview of the water-soluble fractions of biomass and biomass ash (BA) and their significance for solid biofuel application was conducted based on reference peer-reviewed data plus our own investigations. Characteristics such as fluid matter and moisture of biomass, composition, and properties of water-soluble fractions isolated from biomass and BA are considered, including fraction yield, content of water-soluble elements, phase-mineral composition, pH, and electrical conductivity. It was found that the water-soluble fraction of biomass and BA is highly enriched in Cl, S, K, Na, N, and P and some hazardous trace elements with unfavorable modes of element occurrences such as alkaline chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, carbonates, oxalates, and some oxyhydroxides, phosphates, and amorphous material. These compounds provoke the most critical technological (slagging, deposit formation, fouling, and corrosion) and environmental (fine particle partitioning, volatilization of hazardous air pollutant elements, and contamination of air, water, soil, and plant) challenges during the thermochemical conversion of biomass and BA processing. The reduction or immobilization of the undesirable water-soluble components in salt-tolerant biomass and BA can be achieved by feedstock selection, modification of harvesting and fertilization practices, natural or industrial water washing, fuel blending, and use of additives before processing. On the other hand, the water-soluble fraction leached from biomass and BA can be utilized for the recovery of some elements, synthesis of some minerals and production of soil amendments and different materials, whereas the water-soluble components in BA can contribute for capture and storage of atmospheric CO2.

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“…The potential of technologies and improvements must be economically rational. Carbonaceous materials possess various advantages, including their surface area, favourable surface functionality, high chemical and thermal stability, environmentally feasible preparation methods, and cost-effective products [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. The carbon derived from biomass mixed with metal/metal oxides/sulfides and other semiconductors possesses good photocatalytic activity [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Preparation of Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon Loaded TiO2 Photocatalyst for Photocatalytic Degradation of Reactive Red 120 and Ofloxacin

et al. 2022

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The design and development of novel photocatalysts for treating toxic substances such as industrial waste, dyes, pesticides, and pharmaceutical wastes remain a challenging task even today. To this end, a biowaste pistachio-shell-derived activated carbon (AC) loaded TiO2 (AC-TiO2) nanocomposite was fabricated and effectively utilized towards the photocatalytic degradation of toxic azo dye Reactive Red 120 (RR 120) and ofloxacin (OFL) under UV-A light. The synthesized materials were characterized for their structural and surface morphology features through various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, including high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) along with energy dispersive spectra (EDS), diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectra (PL) and BET surface area measurements. AC-TiO2 shows enhanced photocatalytic activity compared to bare TiO2 due to the change in the bandgap energy and effective charge separation. The degradation rate of dyes was affected by the bandgap of the semiconductor, which was the result of the deposition weight percentage of AC onto the TiO2. The presence of AC influences the photocatalytic activity of AC-TiO2 composite towards RR 120 and OFL degradation. The presence of heteroatoms-enriched AC enhances the charge mobility and suppresses the electron-hole recombination in AC-TiO2 composite, which enhances the photocatalytic activity of the composite. The hybrid material AC-TiO2 composite displayed a higher photocatalytic activity against Reactive Red 120 and ofloxacin. The stability of the AC-TiO2 was tested against RR 120 dye degradation with multiple runs. GC-MS analyzed the degradation intermediates, and a suitable degradation pathway was also proposed. These results demonstrate that AC-TiO2 composite could be effectively used as an ecofriendly, cost-effective, stable, and highly efficient photocatalyst.

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Activated Carbon from Biomass for Mercury Capture: Effect of the Leaching Pretreatment on the Capture Efficiency

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Role of Nitrogen on the Porosity, Surface, and Electrochemical Characteristics of Activated Carbon

Role of Nitrogen on the Porosity, Surface, and Electrochemical Characteristics of Activated Carbon

Water-Soluble Fractions of Biomass and Biomass Ash and Their Significance for Biofuel Application

Design and Preparation of Biomass-Derived Activated Carbon Loaded TiO2 Photocatalyst for Photocatalytic Degradation of Reactive Red 120 and Ofloxacin

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