Activated biocarbons obtained from post-fermentation residue as potential adsorbents of organic pollutants from the liquid phase

Abstract

A series of new synthetic carbonaceous adsorbents has been prepared via physical and chemical activation of residue of alcoholic fermentation of corn starch. Two different variants of thermal treatment procedure -microwave and conventional heating have been applied for preparing of the activated biocarbons. All the samples under investigation were characterised by elementary analysis, surface area measurements as well as determination of the number of surface functional groups. The electrokinetic properties of examined materials were studied using potentiometric titration and electrophoresis methods, which enabled determination of the surface charge density and zeta potential of activated biocarbon particles. Moreover, sorption properties of the carbonaceous materials towards two organic dyes -methylene blue and malachite green were tested. The final products were activated biocarbons of medium developed surface area ranging from 21 to 879 m 2 /g, showing acidic character of the surface and various content of surface functional groups. More favourable textural parameters as well as sorption properties toward both organic dyes were revealed by chemically activated samples. The obtained results indicated also considerable effect of adsorbed dye molecules on the structure of electrical double layer formed at the solid/liquid interface.

Microwave-Assisted Fabrication of Fugus-Based Biocarbons for Malachite Green and NO2 Removal

“…Table 6 presents the maximum sorption capacities for the adsorbents derived from the starting materials through carbon dioxide activation [22][23][24][25]. In the current investigation, notably greater sorption capacities were achieved when compared to the outcomes obtained for biocarbon produced by activating carbon dioxide with solid waste (a nonhydrolyzed polysaccharide) produced during the alcoholic fermentation of maize starch.…”

“…In the current investigation, notably greater sorption capacities were achieved when compared to the outcomes obtained for biocarbon produced by activating carbon dioxide with solid waste (a nonhydrolyzed polysaccharide) produced during the alcoholic fermentation of maize starch. The adsorbents detailed in the article [22] were made at 700 • C, utilizing both microwave and conventional ovens, with various activation durations (15 and 30 min, respectively). The sorption capacity for an aqueous solution of malachite green was assessed.…”

Preparation of Activated Biocarbons from Cones and their Potential Application for Adsorption of Antibiotics (Tetracycline)

“…Activated carbon materials are versatile and greatly effective adsorbents due to their largely developed specific surface area, high degree of surface reactivity as well as polydisperse porous structure [5] . They play an extremely important role in, among others, the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries, as well as in water and wastewater treatment, capture and storage of hazardous gases polluting the environment, etc [5,6] .…”

“…Activated carbon materials are versatile and greatly effective adsorbents due to their largely developed specific surface area, high degree of surface reactivity as well as polydisperse porous structure [5] . They play an extremely important role in, among others, the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries, as well as in water and wastewater treatment, capture and storage of hazardous gases polluting the environment, etc [5,6] . At this point, special attention should be paid to biocarbons, which recently have been of great interest to researchers from many fields due to a number of benefits in terms of remediation of contaminated environment, soil improvement, carbon dioxide emissions, sequestration [7] .…”

Study on electrical double layer nanostructure on zeolitic materials’ surface in the presence of impurities of different nature

“…The surface and electrokinetic studies can be very helpful in characterization of nanostructure of adsorption layers composed of simple inorganic ions, drug molecules and polymeric chains formed on the solid particles dispersed in the aqueous solutions. The parameters obtained during the solid surface (by the use of the potentiometric titration method) and zeta potential (electrophoretic mobility measurements) determination allow the specification of the arrangement of small ions and big organic molecules in the surface layer (Ostolska and Wiśniewska 2014;Wiśniewska et al 2022). Analyzing their sign and value not only electrostatic conditions occurring in the examined system during the adsorption process, but also the location of the charged functional groups of the adsorbate in the various parts of the electrical double layer (edl) can be defined.…”