Activated alumina sludge as partial substitute for fine aggregates in brick making

Pokhara, Prafulla; Ekamparam, Aravinth Siva Subramaniam; Gupta, Akhilendra Bhushan; Durgesh, C.; Singh, Abhas

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.06.002

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The sludge was introduced in the amount of 5% of the weight of the initial clay. According to published data [ 21 , 22 , 23 ], WTP sludge was introduced into clay in an amount of 5% to 40%. In this study, the minimum value for a preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of the WTP sludge was chosen.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite this, the authors recommend the addition of 10% WTP sludge for the production of solid bricks that meet Brazilian national standards. In [ 21 , 23 ], it is also proposed to add no more than 10% WTP sludge due to a decrease in the mechanical characteristics of products. On the other hand, in [ 23 ] it is noted that the addition of 40% WTP sludge and 5% processed tea waste allows to obtain fired clay bricks with improved thermal insulation properties and improved compressive strength.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Ceramics Modified by Water Treatment Plant Sludge

2020

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Water treatment plant (WTP) sludge is actively used in building materials production. The object of this research was modifying additives for ceramic bricks from WTP aluminium-containing sludge. The research aim of this study was to determine the suitability of a million-plus population city’s WTP sludge as a burning-out additive in the production of structural ceramics and to establish the optimal conditions for obtaining products with the best characteristics. The raw water belongs to water belongs to the hydrocarbonate class, the calcium group, and it is of low turbidity (1.5–40 mg/L kaolin). Sludge, sourced from WTP sedimentation tanks, was dewatered by adding lime or by using the freezing-thawing method. The spray-dried WTP sludge is introduced into the clay in amounts of 5% to 20% by weight. The addition of 20% reduces the sensitivity of the clay to drying, reduces the density of ceramic by 20% and simultaneously increases its compressive strength from 7.0 to 10.2 MPa. The use of WTP sludge as a modifying additive, pretreated by the freezing-thawing method, makes it possible to obtain ceramic bricks with improved properties. The results can be used for WTP sludge containing aluminium obtained by treating water of medium turbidity and medium colour.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Ceramics Modified by Water Treatment Plant Sludge

2020

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Section: Future Ahead: Groundwater Arsenic Remediation and Wastewater...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…World over, wastewater residue management or valorization, via fixation with building materials, is gaining widespread popularity in circular economy projects (Ahmad et al., 2016; Chang et al., 2020; Gherghel et al., 2019; Guerra‐Rodríguez et al., 2020; Kakwani & Kalbar, 2020; Neczaj & Grosser, 2018; Pokhara et al., 2019; Smol et al., 2015). Therefore, future efforts in arsenic mitigation strategies should attempt to assess whether the ex situ stabilization of arsenic wastes (with clay bricks in a brick‐making factory) generated from ARUs would be financially sustainable over a period of few decades, compared to in situ stabilization of waste in case of ARPs.…”

Section: Future Ahead: Groundwater Arsenic Remediation and Wastewater...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Future perspectives and mitigation strategies towards groundwater arsenic contamination in West Bengal, India

Koley

2021

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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Arsenic is a toxic carcinogen mostly found in subsurface environments. It is released into groundwater mostly via natural geological and hydrological processes. Consumption of such contaminated water leads to serious health crises for mankind. Developing countries in South Asia, particularly the rural regions, have been severely affected by this environmental phenomenon. In India, government authorities have implemented several remedial measures to provide safe drinking water to the rural habitations, ranging from utilization of surface water bodies (e.g., rivers, ponds, etc.) for piped water supply schemes and establishment of groundwater treatment units. This article attempts to review the scientific literature describing the critical situation in India's fourth most populous state of West Bengal and the engineering advances made in the mitigation. The issue of safe disposal or stabilization of arsenic wastewaters generated from the treatment units is often not emphasized in policy discussions. In a concluding note, this article proposes innovations necessary for achieving effective arsenic mitigation in the region that involve both groundwater remediation and waste management in tandem for sustainability.

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“…Other studies have implemented similar approaches to realize sustainable development. According to Prafulla et al [44], the activated alumina was used to substitute clay to for brick making, and, to a certain extent, the sustainable development model of the brick factory was improved. Taking advantage of fly ash and fly ash wastes, eco-friendly clay brick manufacturing was attempted by Mucahit et al [45].…”

Section: Emergy-based Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological Assessment of Clay Brick Manufacturing in China Using Emergy Analysis

2020

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Clay brick is a commonly used building material in China. Due to the enormous land destruction and excessive consumption of resources, such as materials and energy in the manufacture of clay brick, it is important to study its overall sustainability, i.e., in terms of impact on the environment, services, and economy. In this study, emergy analysis is employed, which offers a holistic perspective, unlike typical environmental studies. A series of emergy indices such as renewability rate (R%), nonrenewability rate (N%), unit emergy values (UEVs), emergy yield ratio (EYR), environmental loading ratio (ELR), and emergy sustainability index (ESI) were used to study manufacturing of clay brick. In addition to calculating UEVs of clay brick manufacturing in China (7.18 × 1012 sej/kg), our detailed analysis shows that the nonrenewable resources and imported energy have a dominant impact on the emergy contribution (50.6%) and within the nonrenewable resources, clay is the foremost item, accounting for 33.5% of local emergy inputs. Given different electricity UEVs, the change ranges of clay brick system UEVs are 14.9% (scenario 1), 7.24% (scenario 2), 8.91% (scenario 3), and 6.94% (scenario 4). Furthermore, several policy suggestions are discussed for improving the sustainability of the evaluated system, involving the energy structure adjustment, recycling material replacement, and promotion of energy-saving systems.

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Activated alumina sludge as partial substitute for fine aggregates in brick making

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Structural Ceramics Modified by Water Treatment Plant Sludge

Structural Ceramics Modified by Water Treatment Plant Sludge

Future perspectives and mitigation strategies towards groundwater arsenic contamination in West Bengal, India

Ecological Assessment of Clay Brick Manufacturing in China Using Emergy Analysis

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