Activated Alumina for Removing Fluorides From Drinking Water

Fink, Guido; Lindsay, F. K.

doi:10.1021/ie50320a017

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…BC therefore retains fluoride by chemisorption and ion exchange between dissolved F´ions and PO 4 3´. Electrostatic attraction of dissolved F´is also known to occur in parallel with F´adsorbed via physisorption.…”

Section: Bone Char-based Filters For F´removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This discovery subsequently obliged two U.S. cities (Bauxite, Arkansas and Oakley, Idaho) to discard abundant water supplies in favor of those containing lower fluoride concentrations [2]. However, for some localities it became apparent that it is extremely technically difficult to find alternative water sources that contain low fluorine levels [2][3][4]. To date, countries including China, Estonia, Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Kenya, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, and Thailand lack regions which have fluoride below acceptable …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Technologies for Decentralized Fluoride Removal: Testing Metallic Iron-based Filters

Ndé-Tchoupé

Crane

Mwakabona

et al. 2015

Water

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Since the realization in the 1930s that elevated fluoride concentrations in drinking water can have detrimental effects on human health, new methods have been progressively developed in order to reduce fluoride to acceptable levels. In the developing world the necessity for filtration media that are both low-cost and sourced from locally available materials has resulted in the widespread use of bone char. Since the early 1990s metallic iron (Fe 0 ) has received widespread use as both an adsorbent and a reducing agent for the removal of a wide range of contaminant species from water. The ion-selectivity of Fe 0 is dictated by the positively charged surface of iron (hydr)oxides at circumneutral pH. This suggests that Fe 0 could potentially be applied as suitable filter media for the negatively charged fluoride ion. This communication seeks to demonstrate from a theoretical basis and using empirical data from the literature the suitability of Fe 0 filters for fluoride removal. The work concludes that Fe 0 -bearing materials, such as steel wool, hold good promise as low-cost, readily available and highly effective decentralized fluoride treatment materials.

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Section: Bone Char-based Filters For F´removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technologies for Decentralized Fluoride Removal: Testing Metallic Iron-based Filters

Ndé-Tchoupé

Crane

Mwakabona

et al. 2015

Water

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“…Defluoridation by activated alumina was successfully demonstrated (Boruff 1934;Fink and Lindsay 1936;Swope and Hess 1937) and the fluoride removal capacity increases directly with fluoride concentration and inversely with pH of the water (Savinelli and Black 1958). De-greased and alkalitreated bone (Smith and Smith 1937) and bone char (Killedar and Bhargava 1988a, b) are also effective in the removal of fluoride from initial concentrations of 3.5-10.0 mg L −1 to less than 0.2 mg L −1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of Fluoride from Water by Adsorption onto Lanthanum Oxide

Rao

Kunchithapatham

2011

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Rare earth mineral based adsorbent viz. lanthanum oxide was investigated for potential application in defluoridation of drinking water for isolated and rural communities. Results of batch experiments indicated about 90% removal in 30 min from a 4 mg L −1 synthetic fluoride solution. The effects of various parameters like contact time, pH, initial concentration, and sorbent dose on sorption efficiency were investigated. Adsorption efficiency was dependent on initial fluoride concentration and the sorption process followed BET model. Variation of pH up to 9.5 has insignificant effect on sorption and beyond a pH of 9.5, the effect was drastic. Among anions investigated, carbonates exhibited high detrimental effect on fluoride adsorption while anions like bicarbonates, chlorides, and sulfates did not seriously affect the process. Adsorbent showed negligible desorption of fluoride in distilled water. Alum was more effective regenerant than HCl and NaOH.Results of cyclic regeneration with alum indicated that the sorbent could be regenerated for ten cycles without significant loss of sorption capacity. Studies with upflow fixed-bed continuous flow columns indicated the usefulness of sorbent for fluoride removal in continuous flow process.

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“…The only option for preventing and controlling fluorosis is the defluoridation of drinking water. Various methods have been suggested for reducing the fluoride concentration in drinking water, namely, adsorption 4 precipitation, 5 ion exchange, 6 reverse osmosis, 7 nanofiltration, 8 electrodialysis, 9 and Donnan dialysis. 10 Each of these techniques has advantages and disadvantages that limit its use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked calcium alginate for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions

Vijaya

Popuri

Reddy

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A novel biosorbent was developed by the crosslinking of an anionic biopolymer, calcium alginate, with glutaraldehyde. The glutaraldehyde-crosslinked calcium alginate (GCA) was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and porosity and surface area analysis. The batch equilibrium and column flow adsorption characteristics of fluoride onto the biosorbent were studied. The effects of the pH, agitation time, concentration of adsorbate, and amount of adsorbent on the extent of adsorption were investigated. The experimental data were fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The data were analyzed on the basis of the Lagergren pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and Weber-Morris intraparticle diffusion models. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of the GCA sorbent as obtained from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm was found to be 73.5 mg/g for fluoride. The v 2 and sum of squares of the error analysis were used to correlate the equilibrium isotherm models and kinetics. In addition, breakthrough curves were obtained from column flow experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the GCA beads could be used for the defluoridation of drinking water through adsorption.

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Activated Alumina for Removing Fluorides From Drinking Water

Abstract: the rapidly increasing numbers of £9 communities reporting fluorine-bearing wa-W W ters, the occurrence of fluorine toxicosis has taken on added significance and is now generally recognized as a serious public health problem. Many localities find it

Cited by 39 publications

References 0 publications

Technologies for Decentralized Fluoride Removal: Testing Metallic Iron-based Filters

Technologies for Decentralized Fluoride Removal: Testing Metallic Iron-based Filters

Removal of Fluoride from Water by Adsorption onto Lanthanum Oxide

Synthesis and characterization of glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked calcium alginate for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions

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