Actitud de los estudiantes en tres facultades de odontología en Santiago de Cali, Colombia, frente a pacientes con VIH

Abstract

Resumen: Objetivos: Conocer la actitud de estudiantes de odontología de Cali respecto del manejo de personas con diagnóstico de VIH/SIDA. Método: Estudio observacional descriptivo mediante aplicación de una encuesta aplicada en 1.173 estudiantes de tres facultades de odontología de Cali, clasificados en tres grupos (preclínica, clínica inicial y clínica final). Resultados: participó un 63,4%; 50% tenía menos de 20 años, 68% mujeres. 92% solteros y 82% católicos. Se encontró actitud positiva entre 86% y 92%, la disposición de atender pacientes fue más favorable en preclínica (p=0.03). Aunque 88,7% mostró disposición de atender pacientes VIH+; entre los que pensaban que sería difícil hacerlo para su personal auxiliar, se encontró 33% de estudiantes con probabilidad de hacerlo, (p= 0.03). Cuando se interrogó sobre conocimientos acerca del VIH/SIDA, 66,7% (clínica final) y 82,2% (preclínica) percibían que no habían recibido entrenamiento previo (p<0,001). Conclusiones: Se evidenció que la intención de atender pacientes VIH+ era similar a lo reportado en otros países americanos e Irlanda. Los estudiantes necesitan recibir un mejor entrenamiento con el fin de disminuir sus temores y mejorar su actitud para atenderlos. Palabras clave: actitud, VIH, estudiantes odontología, estigmaAttitudes of students at three dental schools in Santiago de Cali, Colombia, toward HIV+ patients Abstract: Objective: To know attitude of students at three dental schools in Santiago de Cali, Colombia, toward HIV+ patients. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with using a questionnaire to 1173 invited to attend students from three dental schools in Cali. Students were classified in three groups (Pre-clinic: semester I-IV; initial clinic: V to VII and last clinical: VIII to X). Results: Participation rate was 63.4%. 50% under 20 years old, 68% female, 92% single, and 82% Catholics. Between 86% and 92% had positive attitudes; when asked about their willingness to care patients being more favorable preclinical students (p=0.03). Although, 88.7% of all students showed a willingness to address HIV patients. Among those who believed that it would be difficult for assistant staff to accept treating such patients there was a 33% chance of doing so (p=0.003). When we asked about training to manage, between 67% (clinical) and 82% (preclinical) perceive not receiving any. Conclusions: The intention to dental care was similar to that reported in the other American countries, and Ireland. Dental students need better training, because they do not perceived adequate training, to reduce their fear and increase positive attitudes to care for HIV/AIDS patients.

Personas Que Viven Con Vih-Sida: Apreciación Sobre La Atención Odontológica en Salta, Argentina

“…It has been reported that an actual or perceived stigmatizing attitude by the professional 22,26 has a negative impact, eventually causing non-adherence to treatment, irregular attendance to consultations, and sometimes total abandonment of health care. 12 The present study highlights the attitude of dentists in the province of Salta, since a high percentage of PLHIV who disclose their diagnosis perceive no prejudices in the service, an attitude that could favor adherence to treatment. 50.5% of the study population discloses its diagnosis, a higher proportion than studies carried out in other countries.…”

“…Studies in the period 2007-2011 on the attitude of oral health professionals show that these professionals and dental students have a negative attitude towards care for HIV-infected patients, and despite having adequate knowledge about the disease and relying on biosecurity measures, they consider that caring for these patients is not their responsibility. 12,13 Garbin et al reported in 2018 that dental students' attitudes towards the dental care of infected patients were considered discriminatory. 14 Stigma is a serious problem for patients living with HIV-AIDS (PLHIV) as they refrain from seeking treatment, fail to disclose their serological status, and isolate from society.…”

HIV and stigma in the healthcare setting

“…As such, these oral impacts are featured as a core element of the dental undergraduate curriculum. Despite the inclusion of HIV in the dental curriculum and current concepts such as universal cross infection control being evermore commonplace in dental practice, HIV stigma still persists among the dental profession (Acosta de Velásquez, Pérez‐Then, Mueses Marín, Pinzón Gómez, & Shor‐Posner, 2011; Alshouibi & AlAlyani, 2018; Arheiam et al., 2017; Crossley, 2004).…”

“…Contrastingly, in the UK, considerably fewer (3%) dentists believed that transmission in the dental clinic was very likely (Crossley, 2004). In Columbia, only 8% of dental students had an unfavourable attitude towards treating PLHIV (Acosta de Velásquez et al., 2011). Despite the abundance of literature describing the presence of HIV‐related stigma from the perspectives of both the dental patient and dental professional, there is little literature describing the combined impact of HIV‐related stigma when coupled with intersecting factors such as sexual or gender minority status and moreover, a paucity of literature describing HIV stigma interventions implemented in the dental setting.…”

Attitudes of Teachers in Training Towards People With HIV/AIDS.

“…Other studies focused on investigating attitudes towards HIV-positive people [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], [36], [37], [38], [39], and reported common characteristics and singularities of the contexts in which these attitudes were developed. A common finding among these studies is that lack of information, especially about HIV transmission routes, is one of the main reasons why people avoid relating to individuals living with HIV/AIDS.…”