Actions of glucose and potassium chloride on osmoreceptors slowing gastric emptying

Barker, Grace; Cochrane, George M.; Corbett, G A; Hunt, J. N.; Roberts, S K

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1974.sp010476

Cited by 50 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Stimulation of upper intestinal receptors exerts a potent inhibitory action on gastric emptying via neural and hormonal feedback signals. 27 The gastric emptying of carbohydrates has been suggested to be controlled by intestinal receptors sensitive to both osmotic 28,29 and caloric properties. 30 -32 However, the observation that fructose empties from the stomach more rapidly than equicaloric and equiosmotic glucose loads 11,12 suggests that the Figure 2 Ratings of hunger, fullness and prospective consumption following ingestion of drinks of sucrose, maltose and water control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of oral and gastric administration of sucrose and maltose on gastric emptying rate and appetite

Lavin¹,

French

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2002

Int J Obes

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OBJECTIVES:To investigate mechanisms by which specific sugars affect feeding behaviour. DESIGN: In an initial study, gastric emptying rate and appetite were measured following ingestion of lemon flavoured solutions of sucrose, maltose (2160 kJ, 575 ml) and water control (67 kJ, 575 ml) given in randomised order on separate days to six male volunteers. In a second study, the effects of intragastric infusions of sucrose and maltose on appetite and gastric emptying were compared in six male volunteers. RESULTS: When given orally, both the sucrose and maltose solutions slowed gastric emptying compared with water, however sucrose emptied at a faster rate than maltose. The sucrose preload increased fullness and decreased prospective consumption during the following 3 h compared with maltose and water. When administered intragastically, the gastric emptying rate of sucrose was again faster than that of maltose but there was no difference in ratings of hunger, fullness or prospective consumption for 3 h following the infusions. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that gastric emptying of sucrose is faster than that of maltose and suggest that gastric emptying rate and hence period of gastric distension is not the predominant factor regulating appetite by these sugars. The differences observed between oral and gastric delivery suggest that oro-sensory and cognitive factors, possibly stimulated by the sweetness of sucrose, were involved in the induction of satiety.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of oral and gastric administration of sucrose and maltose on gastric emptying rate and appetite

Lavin¹,

French

Read

2002

Int J Obes

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“…Numerous studies have shown that the rate of gastric emptying slows in proportion to the osmolality of the gastric contents (Barker et al, 1974 andBrener et al, 1983;Costil and Saltin, 1974;Coyle et al, 1978;Fortran and Ingelfinger, 1968;Foster et al, 1980;Hunt, 1961;Hunt and Knox, 1968;McHugh and Moran, 1979;Moran and McHugh, 1981). However, other studies show no difference in the gastric emptying rates of monosaccaride and polysaccaride solutions of equal concentration (Hunt, 1960;Elias et al, 1968;Foster et al, 1980).…”

Section: Jf Gastricmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Dynamic Nutrition Model (DYNUMO)

Doherty¹

2002

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The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of informatioi including suggestions for reducing the burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferso Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing fp comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY)14-11-02 AUTHOR(S)Tammy J. Doherty 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 25151V5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)Simulation Technologies, Inc. Ill West First Street Suite 748 Dayton, OH 45402-1106 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)U.S. Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command Soldier Systems Center Natick, MA 01760-5020 SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) SBCCOM SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S)NATICK/TR-03/006 DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES ABSTRACTPerformance of the warrior system depends to a great extent on the physical and cognitive capabilities of the warfighter. Metabolic fuel status is one factor that can be directly linked to those performance capabilities. This report describes the development of a dynamic nutrition model (DYNUMO) that simulates body metabolic fuel levels over time, in response to nutrient intake and energ; expenditure. DYNUMO is a simplification of the digestive and metabolic processes in the human body. Ingested food is absorbed into the blood. From there, absorbed nutrients may be stored in adipose tissue as triglycerides, stored in the liver or muscle as glycogen, converted to other metabolic fuels in the liver or utilized for energy. A regulatory system maintains blood glucose at near constant levels and conserves carbohydrate stores. Model algorithms are based on known physiology and biochemistry, with parameter values derived from existing experimental data. Although insufficient data were available for formal model validation, the model currently provides reasonable predictions of blood glucose levels following a single ingestion of a carbohydrate solution and of muscle glycogen levels following a single exercise bout. The model has not been fully tested, however, and it is likely that parameter values and the level of model detail will require adjustment in the future. SUBJECT TERMS Regulatory System 70 Initial Conditions 70Insulin 70 Glucagon 71 Epinephrine 71 Conclusions and Recommendati...

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“…The duodenal osmoreceptor is also supposed to be operated by glucose in its native state (Barker, Cochrane, Corbett, Hunt & Kemp Roberts, 1974). Thus differences between subjects in their gastric emptying of a glucose solution should reflect the between-subject variability in the gastric pumping mechanism and in the inhibitory power of the duodenal osmoreceptor.…”

Section: R a Burn-murdoch And Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that amino acids slow gastric emptying (Cooke & Moulang, 1972;Barker et al 1977). They probably do so through the osmoreceptor mechanism since amino acids, glucose, and potassium chloride solutions of the same osmolal concentration are equally effective in slowing gastric emptying (Barker et al 1974;Cooke & Moulang, 1972).…”

Section: Gastric Emptying Of Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The slowing of gastric emptying by proteins in test meals.

Burn-Murdoch¹,

Fisher²,

Hunt³

1978

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. Test solutions containing either glucose, casein, partially hydrolysed gelatin or egg albumin, native or denatured, at concentrations up to 50 g/l. in 33 mm-trisodium citrate solution, were given by tube into the stomachs of nine subjects in volumes of 600 or 750 ml.2. The volume of the test solution recovered from the stomach after 20 min was measured.3. The greater the concentration of solute the greater was the volume of the test solution recovered.4. Gram for gram, gelatin hydrolysate was equivalent to glucose in slowing gastric emptying. Casein was slightly more effective than glucose and native egg albumin was less effective than glucose.5. The results were explained by assuming that the products of hydrolysis of proteins stimulated osmoreceptors in the walls of the duodenum.6. The results were in line with the suggestion that proteins in food contribute to the slowing of gastric emptying in such a way that isocaloric amounts of carbohydrate and mixed protein have the same effect.7. There was a strong correlation between the concentration of glucose giving a recovery of 400 ml. and the corresponding concentration of casein within-subject, but there was no such relationship for gelatin hydrolysate. It was concluded that the between-subject variability in the digestion of casein was small, that for gelatin hydrolysate was large.

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Actions of glucose and potassium chloride on osmoreceptors slowing gastric emptying

Cited by 50 publications

References 5 publications

Comparison of oral and gastric administration of sucrose and maltose on gastric emptying rate and appetite

Comparison of oral and gastric administration of sucrose and maltose on gastric emptying rate and appetite

Development of a Dynamic Nutrition Model (DYNUMO)

The slowing of gastric emptying by proteins in test meals.

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