Actions of Gluco‐Oligosaccharide against Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Heavy colonization of atopic dermatitis (AD) with Staphylococcus aureus is well documented. The purpose of the present study is to examine the actions of gluco-oligosaccharide (G-OS) against S. aureus for the control of AD skin lesions infected with S. aureus. The colony counts of S. aureus cells in 0.5% sodium chloride solution supplemented with 5% G-OS (pH 4.8) were about 10-fold lower than those in 0.5% sodium chloride solution (pH 6.6; control) after incubation for 24 hours. The colony counts of S. aureus cells attached on the coverslips (pre-treatment with 1% and 5% G-OS/PBS and following treatment with plasma) were about 10-fold lower than those on the coverslips (pre-treatment with PBS and following treatment with plasma; control) in PBS after incubation for 24 hours. The materials (sugars, probably glycocalyx) that stained positively for fluorescein-isothiocyanate (FITC) -concanavalin A and were consistent with the presence of S. aureus cells were reduced when S. aureus cells attached to the coverslips treated with 5% GC-OS. In conclusion, C-OS is a promising agent that can be applied topically in a cream to clear adherent S. aureus cells from skin lesions of AD in order to prevent its exacerbation. Further, 5% C-OS can inhibit glycocalyx production by S. aureus cells and consequently have some suppressive effect on the colonization of S. aureus on the horny cells of AD lesions.

A new topical panthenol-containing emollient: Results from two randomized controlled studies assessing its skin moisturization and barrier restoration potential, and the effect on skin microflora

“…Commensal bacteria contribute to a healthy skin microflora by inhibiting colonization and biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria on the skin (36). It has been shown that topical application of gluco-oligosaccharides was successful in controlling Staphylococcus aureus colonization of AD skin (37). In cosmetics, prebiotics have the potential to increase selectively the activity and growth of beneficial skin microflora (38); the maintenance of a balanced microbiome does also contribute to an optimal and functional skin barrier (39).…”

Efficacy of the essential oil of Origanum glandulosum Desf against skin infections With PVL-producing Staphylococcus aureus strains in mice

“…aureus colonizes the wounds in the form of a biofilm that is not treatable with antibiotics (Katsuyama et al, 2005) and only the action of polymorphonuclear leukocytes which is capable of destroying this biofilm (Akiyama et al, 2002). The problem with infection by PVL-positive S. aureus is that leukocytes are destroyed by the PVL which explains the complication of these infections being difficult to treat.…”

Pathogenesis of mucosal biofilm infections: challenges and progress

“…Therefore, it has been suggested that antibiofilm therapies that target the entire biofilm as a complex multicellular organism or prevent unique, biofilm-specific processes, are needed to fight biofilm infections [57]. Future directions in therapeutics may include chemical synthesis and the use of quorum-sensing molecules to prevent microbial cell-to-host and microbial cellto-microbial cell attachment, or promote cell detachment from mucosal surfaces or biofilms.…”

“…In addition, the combination of locally delivered proinflammatory cytokine-based therapeutics with traditional antimicrobial drugs may be a reasonable future approach to treatment. For example, agents that promote invasion of phagocytic cells into the biofilm, in combination with glycocalyxreducing drugs, may increase the effectiveness of treatment in biofilm-associated skin infections [57]. Along these lines, the beneficial effects of a granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor-based mouthrinse was shown recently in radiation-treated patients with pseudomembranous candidiasis [59].…”