Actions of Farnesol and Xylitol against &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt;

Akiyama, Hisanori; Oono, Takashi; Huh, Wook Kang; Ogawa, Satoru; Katsuyama, Masako; Ichikawa, Hideyuki; Iwatsuki, Keiji

doi:10.1159/000064916

Cited by 52 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In fact, exposure to terpene alcohols has been recently shown to affect the cell membranes of S. aureus, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes, resulting in leakage of K ϩ ions from cells (2,7,22,24). However, the farnesol levels used in these experiments (Ͼ1 mM) were found to be inhibitory to S. aureus and therefore the effect of farnesol on S. aureus was not evaluated or investigated further at lower concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Inhibition of the biosynthesis of farnesyl pyrophosphate results in blocking of DNA synthesis and arrest of cell growth (12,21,30,32). Although the effect of farnesol on S. aureus has not been fully investigated, some studies have indicated a possible interaction of farnesol with cell membranes of certain bacterial species, including Streptococcus mutans (2,7,22,24,30). In S. mutans, for example, brief exposure to farnesol affected growth and metabolism by disrupting the bacterial membrane, as well as the accumulation and polysaccharide content of biofilms of the streptococci (24).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of Farnesol on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility

Jabra‐Rizk

Meiller²,

James

et al. 2006

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

304

246

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Staphylococcus aureus is among the leading pathogens causing bloodstream infections able to form biofilms on host tissue and indwelling medical devices and to persist and cause disease. Infections caused by S. aureus are becoming more difficult to treat because of increasing resistance to antibiotics. In a biofilm environment particularly, microbes exhibit enhanced resistance to antimicrobial agents. Recently, farnesol was described as a quorum-sensing molecule with possible antimicrobial properties. In this study, the effect of farnesol on methicillin-resistant and -susceptible strains of S. aureus was investigated. With viability assays, biofilm formation assessment, and ethidium bromide uptake testing, farnesol was shown to inhibit biofilm formation and compromise cell membrane integrity. The ability of farnesol to sensitize S. aureus to antimicrobials was assessed by agar disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods. For both strains of staphylococci, farnesol was only able to reverse resistance at a high concentration (150 M). However, it was very successful at enhancing the antimicrobial efficacy of all of the antibiotics to which the strains were somewhat susceptible. Therefore, synergy testing of farnesol and gentamicin was performed with static biofilms exposed to various concentrations of both agents. Plate counts of harvested biofilm cells at 0, 4, and 24 h posttreatment indicated that the combined effect of gentamicin at 2.5 times the MIC and farnesol at 100 M (22 g/ml) was able to reduce bacterial populations by more than 2 log units, demonstrating synergy between the two antimicrobial agents. This observed sensitization of resistant strains to antimicrobials and the observed synergistic effect with gentamicin indicate a potential application for farnesol as an adjuvant therapeutic agent for the prevention of biofilm-related infections and promotion of drug resistance reversal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Farnesol on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility

Jabra‐Rizk

Meiller²,

James

et al. 2006

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

304

246

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“…An attractive idea to combat microbial biofilms could be to synergize old antibiotics with novel antimicrobial agents [17], and we are planning to study combinations between conventional antibiotics and the most active 4-diazopyrazoles against microbial biofilms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

4-Diazopyrazole Derivatives as Potential New Antibiofilm Agents

Schillaci¹,

Maggio²,

Raffa³

et al. 2008

Chemotherapy

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Background: The recognition that chronic infections and infections associated with medical devices are biofilm related has been the impulse for investigating the antibiofilm properties of some diazopyrazoles biologically active as antimicrobials. Methods: The susceptibility of staphylococcal biofilms was determined at concentrations ranging from 25 to 1.5 µg/ml using crystal violet and methylthiazotetrazolium (MTT) staining. In the case of Candida albicans, we first assessed the anti-germ tube formation effect of 4-NO₂ (compound 1c) and then we evaluated its antibiofilm activity at concentrations ranging from 100 to 6.2 µg/ml. Results: All the compounds were active against reference staphylococcal biofilm strains at the maximum tested concentration of 25 µg/ml; despite its remarkable activity as germ tube inhibitor, compound 1c showed weak activity against C. albicans biofilms at 100 µg/ml. Conclusion: 4-Diazopyrazoles represent an interesting source of antimicrobial compounds in the development of new antibiofilm agents.

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“…1), tannin shows both reducing and stabilizing properties and is commonly used for the synthesis of silver [4][5][6], gold [4,7] and nickel [8] nanoparticles. Moreover, it has been widely reported in the literature, that tannin exhibits natural antioxidant [9,10], antimicrobial [11][12][13] and antiviral activity [14,15]. As an antioxidant compound, tannin and its derivatives, especially gallic and pyrogallol, prevent lipid oxidation and radical-mediated DNA cleavage by scavenging oxygen and oxygen-derived radicals [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%