Actions of Enflurane, Isoflurane, Vecuronium, Atracuium, and Pancuronium on Pulmonary Resistance in Dogs

Vettermann, J.; Beck, Kenneth C.; Lindahl, Sten G. E.; Brichant, Jean-François; Rehder, Kai

doi:10.1097/00000542-198811000-00009

Cited by 56 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Eur Respir J 2002; 20: 286-292. Halothane and isoflurane are well-established bronchodilators in vivo both in animals [1][2][3][4][5] and humans [6,7]. Part of this bronchodilation is due to a direct effect on airway smooth muscle.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relaxation of proximal and distal isolated human bronchi by halothane, isoflurane and desflurane

Mercier¹,

Naline²,

Bardou³

et al. 2002

Eur Respir J

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Volatile anaesthetics relax airway smooth muscle in vitro. The amount of relaxation might depend on the type and concentration of volatile anaesthetics, the calibre and precontraction level of the bronchi, and also on the species considered. These effects were investigated on isolated human bronchi.Isometric relaxations produced by halothane, isoflurane and desflurane bubbled on human bronchial rings precontracted with carbachol were recorded and compared with time controls.Volatile anaesthetics induced a concentration-dependent relaxation at 0.66, 1.33 and 2 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC). The relaxation was greater in mildly (carbachol 3610 -7 M) than in highly (carbachol 2610 -6 M) precontracted bronchi. Halothane was more potent in relaxing distal as compared to proximal bronchi; this differential effect was less pronounced with isoflurane and not observed with desflurane. While the three volatile anaesthetics induced similar relaxation on proximal bronchi, halothane was significantly more potent than desflurane on distal bronchi, with isoflurane being intermediate. The relaxation induced by 1.33 MAC of halothane, isoflurane and desflurane on moderately precontracted distal bronchi (carbachol 1610 -6 M) was attenuated by pretreatment with glibenclamide 1610 -5 M. In conclusion, halothane, isoflurane and desflurane exert direct but differential relaxant effects on human isolated bronchial smooth muscle. This may provide supplemental bronchodilation during anaesthesia. Although adenosine triphosphatesensitive K z channels are involved in these relaxant effects, they are unlikely to explain the observed differences between the three volatile anaesthetics. Eur Respir J 2002; 20: 286-292. Halothane and isoflurane are well-established bronchodilators in vivo both in animals [1][2][3][4][5] and humans [6,7]. Part of this bronchodilation is due to a direct effect on airway smooth muscle. For example, in dogs in vivo, the direct relaxant effect of halothane on airway smooth muscle contributed as much as the indirect effect on the vagal pathway [4]. These direct relaxant effects in vivo have been reproduced in vitro in many animal studies [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. However, the intensity of the relaxation in vitro varies widely among studies. Factors that may explain these variations include: 1) anaesthetic concentration; 2) level of precontraction and contractile agonist used [11]; 3) airway calibre [13,19,20]; 4) differences in efficacy between volatile anaesthetics [7,13,17,20]; and 5) animal species. This latter factor might be particularly important, and so far, no in vitro studies involving volatile anaesthetics appear to be available on human airway smooth muscle.Desflurane, a more recent volatile anaesthetic, has some interesting properties including rapid onset/ offset of action. However, breath-holding, partial laryngospasm and coughing have been reported during induction of anaesthesia with desflurane in humans [21]. Such irritant effects on the upper airways do not seem...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relaxation of proximal and distal isolated human bronchi by halothane, isoflurane and desflurane

Mercier¹,

Naline²,

Bardou³

et al. 2002

Eur Respir J

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“…Gallamine has been shown to be a selective inhibitor of M! receptors [X7] whilst potentiation of vagally mediated bronchoconstriction has been demonstrated by atracurium and pancuronium but not by vecuronium [60].…”

Section: R Bur~vrll and Jg Jonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The airways and anaesthesia II

Burwell

Jones²

1996

Anaesthesia

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“…34 The action of anaesthetics on airway reflexes has been studied for decades and the ability of halothane, 39"4~ cyclopropane, 39 and ether 42 to block a wide variety of airway reflexes has been well established. More recently, Vetterman et al 42 showed that isoflurane and enflurane were as effective as halothane at equivalent MAC multiples in dogs at antagonizing vagally mediated bronchoconstriction. The relative importance of other mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects exerted by inhalational anaesthetics on airways is less clear.…”

Section: Lnhalational Anaesthesiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34 L'action des anesth~siques sur les r6flexes des voies a~riennes a 6t~ 6tudi6e depuis Iongtemps et la capacit6 de l'halothane, 39'4~ du cyclopropane, 39 et de l'6ther 4t de bloquer une vari~.t6 importante de r~flexes des voies a6riennes est bien 6tablie. Vetterman et al 42 ont montr6 plus r~cemment chez le chien que I'isoflurane et l'enflurane sont aussi effieaces que l'halothane, ~ des 6quivalents multiples du MAC, pour antagoniser la bronchoconstriction d'origine vagale. L'importance relative d'autres m~canismes impliqu6s dans les effets b6n6fiques des agents d'inhalation sur les voies a6riennes est moins bien d6finie.…”

Section: Anesthdsie Avec Agents D'inhalationunclassified

Perioperative management of the asthmatic patient

Hirshman

1991

Can J Anaesth

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Actions of Enflurane, Isoflurane, Vecuronium, Atracuium, and Pancuronium on Pulmonary Resistance in Dogs

Cited by 56 publications

References 0 publications

Relaxation of proximal and distal isolated human bronchi by halothane, isoflurane and desflurane

Relaxation of proximal and distal isolated human bronchi by halothane, isoflurane and desflurane

The airways and anaesthesia II

Perioperative management of the asthmatic patient

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