Action Thresholds for the Management of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Cotton

Naranjo, S. E.; Ellsworth, Peter C.; Chu, Chia‐Chi; Henneberry, T. J.; Riley, David G.; Watson, T. F.; Nichols, Robert L.

doi:10.1093/jee/91.6.1415

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Management strategies for B. tabaci on cotton in the western US are based on pest monitoring and use of action thresholds to determine the need for insecticides (Ellsworth et al, 1995(Ellsworth et al, , 1996bNaranjo et al, 1998). This approach helped growers maintain profitability in the face of severe pest outbreaks in the early 1990s (Ellsworth and Jones, 2001;Ellsworth and Martinez-Carrillo, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of natural enemies in cotton: role of insect growth regulators in management of Bemisia tabaci

2004

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Field studies were conducted from 1997 to 1999 to contrast the effects of two insect growth regulators (IGRs) and conventional insecticides on natural enemy conservation in cotton within the context of alternative management strategies for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Compared with an untreated control, insecticide regimes based on the initial use of the IGR buprofezin or pyriproxyfen reduced densities of eight predator taxa out of 20 examined in at least one year, including common species such as Geocoris punctipes (Say), Nabis alternatus Parshley, Chrysoperla carnea s.l., and the empidid fly Drapetis nr. divergens. Patterns of predator and pest population change relative to IGR application dates suggest that factors other than direct toxic effects, such as reduction in prey availability, were likely involved. In comparison, the use of conventional insecticides reduced populations of nearly all the predatory taxa examined in most years, including those affected by IGRs, with the impact being greater and more immediate in all cases. Predator:prey ratios were significantly increased by the use of IGRs compared with both the untreated control and a conventional insecticide regime in most instances. The application of conventional insecticides for suppression of Lygus hesperus Knight, another key pest in the system, in a split-plot design reduced densities of most predator taxa and diminished the selective advantage of the IGRs. Rates of parasitism by aphelinid parasitoids (Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich and Encarsia spp.) were generally low and did not vary consistently due to B. tabaci or L. hesperus insecticide regimes over the three years. Our 3-year study demonstrates the more selective action of buprofezin and pyriproxyfen in an effective integrated control system for B. tabaci. The use of these IGRs could further facilitate biologically based management in cotton production systems. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of natural enemies in cotton: role of insect growth regulators in management of Bemisia tabaci

2004

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“…Insecticide resistance has been anticipated and ameliorated by the use of action thresholds and insecticide resistance management (IRM) programs Dennehy et al, 1996;Ellsworth et al, 1996b;Prabhaker et al, 1996Prabhaker et al, , 1998Naranjo et al, 1998). Extensive efforts are underway to extend management systems to incorporate cultural, biological, and nonchemical methods into insecticide-based control systems as exemplified by the collection of papers in this volume.…”

Section: Control and Ipm Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, a team of USDA-ARS and University of Arizona scientists shared resources and expertise to develop (Naranjo and Flint, 1994, 1995, validate (Ellsworth et al, 1996a;Naranjo et al, 1997), and implement (Ellsworth et al, 1996a, b) sampling methods that led to the identification and testing of action thresholds , Naranjo et al, 1998. These teams subsequently developed rotational systems for different insecticides, evaluated new chemistries (including insect growth regulators), initiated resistance monitoring, and promoted early cotton harvests, better water management and natural enemy conservation (see Ellsworth and Martinez-Carrillo, 2001;Naranjo, 2001;Palumbo et al, 2001).…”

Section: Cgiar Whitefly Ipm Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

History, current status, and collaborative research projects for Bemisia tabaci

2001

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Bemisia tabaci was described over 100 years ago and has since become one of the most important pests worldwide in subtropical and tropical agriculture as well as in greenhouse production systems. It adapts easily to new host plants and geographical regions and has now been reported from all global continents except Antarctica. In the last decade, international transport of plant material and people have contributed to geographical spread. B. tabaci has been recorded from more than 600 plant species and there may be many additional hosts not yet formally documented. Biotypes have been identified in different areas of the world suggesting that B. tabaci may be a species-complex undergoing evolutionary change. These biotypes may exhibit differences in viruses transmitted and transmission efficiency, rates of development, endosymbionts, host utilization, and physiological host damage. Excessive B. tabaci induced losses worldwide occur in field, vegetable and ornamental crop production. Losses occur from plant diseases caused by B. tabaci transmitted viruses, direct feeding damage, plant physiological disorders, and honeydew contamination and associated fungal growth. The number of B. tabaci-transmitted plant viruses has increased, and total yield losses of important food and industrial crops has occurred. Effective control at present is dependent on insecticides. However, this has been achieved with more selective chemistries, use of action thresholds, and resistance management. Host plant resistance and various cultural methods are also components of developing integrated management systems. National and international collaborative projects have made significant progress towards improved characterization of the whitefly problem, increased research, development of management methods, transfer of technology to the agricultural communities, and information exchange. These projects, as well as intensive education, research and extension activities form the basis for biologically and ecologically based approaches to management. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.

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“…The use of insecticides depends on the whitefly population density level (Stansly and Natwick 2010). For example in cotton fields, Naranjo et al (1998) found that three to ten adults of whitefly in the fifth stem leaf from the top, is the action threshold. However, conventional insecticides could be used to protect the cotton ball from honeydew contamination (Chu et al 1998).…”

Section: Integrated Pest Management Of B Tabacimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example in cotton fields, Naranjo et al (1998) found that three to ten adults of whitefly in the fifth stem leaf from the top, is the action threshold. However, conventional insecticides could be used to protect the cotton ball from honeydew contamination (Chu et al 1998). In order to increase the efficiency of IPM programs, biopesticides need to be included in the IPM.…”

Section: Integrated Pest Management Of B Tabacimentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical evaluation of the effects of plant essential oil formulations against silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, B biotype (Gennadius) and its natural enemies

Obaidoon¹

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The toxicity of 30 botanical products and mixtures were evaluated using preliminary bioassay tests to find out their overall effectiveness against the developmental stages of silverleaf whitefly (SLW) Bemisia tabaci, B biotype, (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Effective formulations were prepared to be tested in replicated experiments against the egg, nymphal and adult stages of SLW.From the results, mustard oil showed an ovicidal effect, lauryl glucoside, a surfactant, had produced high mortalities against the nymphal stages whereas monoethanolamine, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (cellosolve acetate) and laureth -7ethylene oxide-carboxylate (laureth carboxylate) had produced high to moderate level of adulticidal effects. Three formulations were prepared from those effective products and then used in replicated experiments testing their lethal (toxicity) and sublethal (repellency and oviposition deterrent) effects against SLW. Additionally, trials were conducted to investigate their impacts on one of the main SLW parasitoids, Eretmocerus hayati (Zolnerowich and Rose) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae).Leaf dipping and spraying methods were used to assess the toxicity effects of the products, and choice and no choice repellence tests were used to determine the repellence index (RI) and oviposition deterrent index (ODI). A glass -slide bioassay was used to determine the lethal effects of the formulations against the SLW parasitoid. Different ranges of the tested rates of the formulations were prepared starting from 0.001% v/v to 10% v/v to investigate the proper effective rates that provide sufficient mortality rates of the developmental stages of SLW.After promising results of the mixture containing mustard oil and liquid soap, replicated experiments were conducted against each developmental stage of SLW. When tested on eggs, at a concentration of 0.25%, mortality was 95.8%, whereas the mortality percentages were 43% and 50% at tested rates of the mixture at 0.1% and 0.05%, respectively. Mustard oil evaluated against nymphal stages was effective at a rate of 0.25% and above against young and old nymphs (86.4% and 47.4% mortality, respectively). Tests against the adult stage at 0.25% and 0.5% resulted in low mortality; 34.0% and 37.0%, respectively. However, at 1% and above mortality was high (94.17% at 1%).On the basis of these results, three formulations were prepared: formulation one (F1) containing mustard oil, MW-100 emulsifier, lauryl glucoside and cellosolve acetate, formulation three (F3) containing mustard oil, MW-100 emulsifier, laureth carboxylate and monoethanolamine and formulation four (F4) containing mustard oil, MW-100 emulsifier, lauryl glucoside and monoethanolamine. These formulations were evaluated at different concentrations (0.25%, 0.44%.ii 0.69%, 1% and 1.23%). The formulations had an effective impact on the eggs of SLW, disrupting the embryogenesis process of the eggs. These formulations also affected all nymphal instars.However, the tested rates did not show sufficient effects...

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Action Thresholds for the Management of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) in Cotton

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Conservation of natural enemies in cotton: role of insect growth regulators in management of Bemisia tabaci

Conservation of natural enemies in cotton: role of insect growth regulators in management of Bemisia tabaci

History, current status, and collaborative research projects for Bemisia tabaci

A critical evaluation of the effects of plant essential oil formulations against silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, B biotype (Gennadius) and its natural enemies

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