Action Spectrum of Keratitis Produced by Ultraviolet Radiation

Cogan, David G.; Kinsey, V. Everett

doi:10.1001/archopht.1946.00890200685007

Cited by 90 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…From our studies it appears that much of the UV light is absorbed by the cell and is transformed, in part, into fluorescence and into photochemical destruction, a conclusion similar to that offered by C o g a n and K in sey [3], who studied the effects of incoherent UV on the corneal epithelium. Very little, if any, of the radiations appear to be transformed directly into heat as determined by measurement and by the morphologic observations.…”

supporting

confidence: 77%

Production of Cataracts in Rabbits with the Ultraviolet Laser

MacKeen¹,

Fine²,

Fine³

1973

Ophthalmic Res

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Weanling rabbit eyes were exposed in vivo to the beam of an ultraviolet laser. Anterior subcapsular and cortical cataracts were consistently and rapidly produced at the power levels employed. The changes in the intervening cornea were grossly reversible, while those in the lens were not. Localized cortical cataracts produced by an ultraviolet laser have persisted for over 2 years. Maturation of the cataract has not yet been observed. The available evidence supports the belief that the damage is produced photochemically within the absorbing cells.

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supporting

confidence: 77%

Production of Cataracts in Rabbits with the Ultraviolet Laser

MacKeen¹,

Fine²,

Fine³

1973

Ophthalmic Res

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“…The mammalian cornea is predominantly responsible for the absorption of available ultraviolet (UV) light in the 290-320 nm wavelength range (UV-B light), and serves to protect photosensitive retinal cells against UV-induced tissue damage (Boettner & Wolters, 1962;Zigman, 1983). The photokeratitis action spectrum for abiotic UVlight strongly suggests that the photochemical reaction is associated with absorption by a soluble protein or enzyme contained within corneal cells (Cogan & Kinsey, 1946; reviewed by Ringvold, 1980). Abedinia et al (1990) reported that bovine corneal ALDH is the major soluble protein in this tissue, and constitutes around 0-5 % wet weight of tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetics of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase fromMonodelphis domesticacornea: further evidence for identity of corneal aldehyde dehydrogenase with a major soluble protein

1990

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A didelphid marsupial, the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica), was used as a model species to study the biochemical genetics of alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in corneal tissue. Isoelectric point variants of corneal ALDH (designated ALDH3) and a major soluble protein in corneal extracts were observed among eight families of animals used in studying the genetics of these proteins. Both phenotypes exhibited identical patterns following PAGE-IEF and were inherited in a normal Mendelian fashion, with two alleles at a single locus (ALDH3) showing codominant expression. The data provided evidence for genetic identity of corneal ALDH with this major soluble protein, and supported biochemical evidence, recently reported for purified bovine corneal ALDH, that this enzyme constitutes a major portion of soluble corneal protein (Abedinia et al. 1990). Isoelectric point variants for corneal ADH were also observed, with patterns for the two major forms (ADH3 and ADH4) and one minor form (ADH5) being consistent with the presence of two ADH subunits (designated gamma and delta), and variant phenotypes existing for the gamma subunit. The genetics of this enzyme was studied in the eight families, and the results were consistent with codominant expression of two alleles at a single locus (designated ADH3). It is relevant that a major detoxification function has been proposed for corneal ADH and ALDH, in the oxidoreduction of peroxidic aldehydes induced by available oxygen and UV-B light (Holmes & VandeBerg, 1986a). In addition, a direct role for corneal ALDH as a UV-B photoreceptor in this anterior eye tissue has also been proposed (Abedinia et al. 1990).

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“…Nevertheless, ultraviolet radiations produced by a port able electric-arc welding set for 3 s, led to subtle corneal metabolic changes. In the cornea, Cogan and Kinsey [9] have shown that wavelengths between 280 and 290 nm cause the most corneal damage in the rabbit. In man, Pitts [2] found that rays around 270 nm have the greatest effect for inducing photokeratitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%