Action of β-Carotene as an Antioxidant against Lipid Peroxidation

Tsuchihashi, Hideyasu; Kigoshi, Makoto; Iwatsuki, Misato; Niki, Etsuo

doi:10.1006/abbi.1995.0019

Cited by 206 publications

(148 citation statements)

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“…a-Tocopherol and tocotrienols scavenge radicals by donating hydrogen atoms to lipid peroxyl radicals to form lipid hydroperoxides and tocopherol-or tocotrienol-derived radicals. Astaxanthin scavenges radicals by two mechanisms: by donating the hydrogen atom by its terminal ring, acting as a chain-breaking antioxidant (3,14), and by adding radicals to the double bond of the polyene chain to form a conjugated polyene, carbon-centered radical (15). The a-tocopherol and tocotrienols are located near or at the membrane surface (16).…”

Section: Interaction Between A-tocopherol Tocotrienols and Astaxanthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between .ALPHA.-Tocopherol, Tocotrienols and Astaxanthin in Liposomes, Subjected to Lipid Peroxidation

et al. 2003

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Vitamin E is a generic term for a-, b-, g-and d-tocopherols and a-, b-, g-and d-tocotrienols, which have saturated and unsaturated phytyl chains, respectively, and differ in the number and position of the methyl groups on the chroman ring. Studies on vitamin E usually are directed to a-tocopherol, which accounts for 90 % of vitamin E in tissues and is believed to have the greatest biological activity. Nowadays the focus on tocopherols is replaced by that on tocotrienols due to increasing evidence indicating that they have stronger activity than tocopherols. For example, a-tocotrienol, unlike a-tocopherol, shows neuroprotective effects on cells (1). a-, g-and d-tocotrienols, and to a lesser extent d-tocopherol, have potent antiproliferative effects on breast cancer cells (2). Astaxanthin, possessing ketoand hydroxygroups in its terminal rings, shows the highest antioxidant activity among carotenoids (3), and protects against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, No. 7, 347-352 (2003) Abstract: We studied the cooperative interaction between a-tocopherol, tocotrienols and astaxanthin, incorporated in soybean phosphatidylcholine (PC) multilamellar vesicles (MLV) against 2, 2 -azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), 2, 2 -azobis (2, 4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (AMVN), or 1, 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1) induced lipid peroxidation. Tocotrienols spared a-tocopherol consumption in hydrophilic or lipophylic radicals initiated oxidation. The combination of tocotrienols and astaxanthin had the greatest protective effect on a-tocopherol consumption in MLV, oxidized by the hydrophilic radical initiator. a-Tocopherol and tocotrienols protected astaxanthin against AAPH-, AMVN-, and SIN-1-induced oxidations. In the three oxidations a-tocotrienol was consumed first, followed by a-tocopherol and the tocotrienols in the sequence: b > g > d. Astaxanthin was consumed as fast as g-tocotrienol in AAPH oxidation, as fast as a-tocopherol in AMVN oxidation, and before dtocotrienol in SIN-1 oxidation. In conclusion, a-tocopherol, tocotrienols, and astaxanthin cooperated in protecting against MLV lipid peroxidation. a-Tocotrienol was the most effective antioxidant among them. Astaxanthin was as effective as the chain-breaking antioxidants against lipid peroxidation.

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Section: Interaction Between A-tocopherol Tocotrienols and Astaxanthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between .ALPHA.-Tocopherol, Tocotrienols and Astaxanthin in Liposomes, Subjected to Lipid Peroxidation

et al. 2003

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“…High chlorophyll content negatively affects the quality of oils by affecting smell as well as stability as it can possess pro-oxidative properties, thus resulting in a darkening of the oil. Carotenoids are considered very important due to their antioxidant and pro-vitamin activity, and compounds reducing the risk of certain cancers or cardiovascular diseases [17][18][19][20]. Adverse changes in the oils can be caused by chemical or biochemical processes initiated previously in the oilseeds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fertilizer and Storage Period on Oxidative Stability and Color of Rapeseed Oils

Kachel‐Jakubowska¹,

Sujak²,

Krajewska³

2018

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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We analysed physical and chemical properties of seeds and oils from different cultivars of winter rapeseeds ('Markus', 'Bios' and 'Feliks') that were cultivated using bio-gas natural manure (digestate) or with a commercially accessible Yara NPK 5014-28 (NPK) fertilizer, both of which were analyzed for element content. Seeds produced without use of fertilizers were taken as control. Prior to cold-pressing of oils, seeds were analyzed for fatty acid content. Cultivar 'Bios' breed with use of digestate showed a lower amount of oleic acid (C18:1), while the 'Feliks' cultivar had higher content of this fatty acid and lower amounts of linoleic acid (C18:2) as compared to respective controls. In the case of the application of NPK fertilizer, the increase in C18:1 was observed for the cultivars 'Markus' and 'Feliks'. In the latter the decrease in the content of C18:2 was observed as compared to control. The oils were analyzed monthly for photosynthetic pigment content and oxidative stability as well as color during a storage period of three months. Oils contained similar amounts of chlorophylls and carotenoids. Oils derived from seeds produced with the use of commercial NPK fertilizer were characterized with higher oxidation stability (induction time) as compared to digestate. Gradual darkening of the oils was observed. Statistical analysis (p<0.05) showed significant correlation between all the color parameters and term of measurements as well as with the applied fertilizer.

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“…Scavenging of oxygen radicals by vitamin C occurs in the aqueous phase [73,74], which is in contrast to the site of action of vitamin E, within membranes. Given differences in mechanism and site of action, there are differences in antioxidant free radical scavenging ability [70,75] as well as synergistic interaction of hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidants [73,74,[76][77][78]. Antioxidant scavenging of ROS also potentially reduces vasoconstriction that occurs with ROS production [46, for review see 27].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Free radical scavengers vitamins A, C, and E plus magnesium reduce noise trauma

Prell

Hughes

Miller

2007

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

198

188

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Free radical formation in the cochlea plays a key role in the development of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). The amount, distribution, and time course of free radical formation have been defined, including a clinically significant formation of both reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species 7-10 days following noise exposure. Reduction in cochlear blood flow as a result of free radical formation has also been described. Here we report that the antioxidant agents, vitamins A, C, and E, act in synergy with magnesium to effectively prevent noise-induced trauma. Neither the antioxidant agents nor magnesium reliably reduced NIHL or sensory cell death with the doses we used when these agents were delivered alone. In combination, however, they were highly effective in reducing both hearing loss and cell death even with treatment initiated just one hour prior to noise exposure. This study supports roles for both free radical formation and noise-induced vasoconstriction in the onset and progression of NIHL. Identification of this safe and effective antioxidant intervention that attenuates NIHL provides a compelling rationale for human trials in which free radical scavengers are used to eliminate this single major cause of acquired hearing loss. Keywords cochlea; free radical; noise; hearing; antioxidant; vasodilation Mechanical destruction of cells in the organ of Corti was once assumed to be the primary cause of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], with perhaps some effect of reduced blood flow to the inner ear [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. We now know that another key factor is intense metabolic activity that results in production of excess free radicals [19][20][21][22][23] and lipid peroxidation products [24]. Noise-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cochlea has now been well characterized, and several recent reviews are available [25][26][27]. Mitochodrial dysfunction and ROS production have been implicated in numerous neurodegenerative syndromes and diseases [28-34, see 35,36]. The use of antioxidant agents holds significant therapeutic promise for many neurodegenerative processes [32,33,[37][38][39][40][41][42], and there is some suggestion that Correspondence to: C. G. Le Prell, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, 1301 East Ann Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0506, USA. Tel: +1-734-763-5104; fax +1-734-764-0014. E-mail address: colleeng@umich.edu. Disclosure. Dr. Miller is a founding member and Chairman of the Board of Directors at OtoMedicine, Inc., a company that has an option to license the intellectual property described in this report. Dr. Le Prell is a paid consultant to OtoMedicine, Inc. Drs. Miller and Le Prell have disclosed these relationships to the Medical School Conflict of Interest Board at the University of Michigan; conflict management plans including semi-annual review by the Board are in place.Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publicatio...

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Action of β-Carotene as an Antioxidant against Lipid Peroxidation

Cited by 206 publications

References 0 publications

Interaction between .ALPHA.-Tocopherol, Tocotrienols and Astaxanthin in Liposomes, Subjected to Lipid Peroxidation

Interaction between .ALPHA.-Tocopherol, Tocotrienols and Astaxanthin in Liposomes, Subjected to Lipid Peroxidation

Effect of Fertilizer and Storage Period on Oxidative Stability and Color of Rapeseed Oils

Free radical scavengers vitamins A, C, and E plus magnesium reduce noise trauma

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