Action of thymol, carvacrol and eugenol on <i>Penicillium</i> and <i>Geotrichum</i> isolates resistant to commercial fungicides and causing postharvest citrus decay

Moussa, Hakima; Omari, Bouchra El; Chefchaou, Hanane; Tanghort, Mariam; Mzabi, Aouatef; Chami, Najat; Remmal, Adnane

doi:10.1080/07060661.2020.1767692

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…According to previous reports, essential oils such as citral, eugenol, carvacrol, and thymol are effective in preventing fungal spore germination and mycelial growth [ 11 , 41 ], which are in agreement with our findings. And it is encouraging to compare the present results with that found by Moussa et al who found that the percentage of mycelial growth inhibition of the free eugenol against P. italicum was 19.3% at 0.25 mg/mL and 10.6% at 0.125 mg/mL [ 10 ], which are lower than those measured in the present study. In general, EG nanoemulsions have better solubility and lower volatility than the single eugenol, making nanoemulsions more effective in exhibiting antimicrobial activity [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

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Limonin Enhances the Antifungal Activity of Eugenol Nanoemulsion against Penicillium Italicum In Vitro and In Vivo Tests

Zhao

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

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Penicillium italicum, the cause of citrus blue mold, is a pathogenic fungus that seriously affects the postharvest quality of citrus fruit and causes serious economic loss. In this study, a eugenol nanoemulsion containing limonin, an antimicrobial component from citrus seeds, was prepared using a high-pressure microfluidizer and the antifungal activity of the nanoemulsions against P. italicum was evaluated based on the conidial germination rate, mycelial growth, and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration and the inhibition rate of limonin-loaded eugenol nanoemulsion was 160 μg/mL and 59.21%, respectively, which was more potent than that of the limonin-free eugenol emulsion. After treatment with the nanoemulsions, the integrity of the P. italicum cell membrane was disrupted, the cell morphology was abnormal, and the leakage of nucleic acid and protein was observed. In addition, the challenge test on citrus fruits revealed that the limonin-loaded eugenol emulsion inhibited citrus infection for longer periods, with an infection rate of 29.2% after 5 days. The current research shows that nanoemulsions containing limonin and eugenol have effective antifungal activity against P. italicum, and may be used as a substitute for inhibiting blue mold in citrus fruits.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Given this, natural phytochemicals with antifungal activity have been taken into consideration, such as plant essential oils, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, etc. [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limonin Enhances the Antifungal Activity of Eugenol Nanoemulsion against Penicillium Italicum In Vitro and In Vivo Tests

Zhao

et al. 2021

Microorganisms

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“…In a study [ 44 ], T. vulgare essential oil extracts demonstrated antioxidant activity, significantly inhibiting tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced DCFH oxidation. Sharopov et al [ 44 ] proved that thymol, carvacrol, and eugenol, which belong to the terpenoid series, have antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antifungal activity [ 45 ]. It was established that the α-pinene and caryophyllene oxide compounds contained in extracts of T. vulgare have the highest antioxidant activity [ 46 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Study of Biological Activity of Tanacetum vulgare Extracts

et al. 2023

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Tanacetum vulgare is an herbaceous plant widely used in folk medicine. It is rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids, which have pharmacological and medicinal properties, such as anthelmintic, antispasmodic, tonic, antidiabetic, diuretic, and antihypertensive. This study aimed to confirm the presence of biologically active substances in Tanacetum vulgare and to determine the pharmacological spectrum of biological activity of Tanacetum vulgare extract components. When preparing Tanacetum vulgare extracts, the highest yield was observed when using the maceration method with a mixture of solvents methanol + trifluoroacetic acid (22.65 ± 0.68%). The biologically active substances in Tanacetum vulgare extract samples were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Biologically active substances such as luteolin-7-glucoside (550.80 mg/kg), chlorogenic acid (5945.40 mg/kg), and rosmarinic acid (661.31 mg/kg) were identified. Their structures were determined. The experiments have confirmed the antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Secondary metabolites of Tanacetum vulgare extracts have been found to have previously unknown biological activity types; experimental confirmation of their existence will advance phytochemical research and lead to the development of new drugs.

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“…The presence of keyword "fruit" is linked to this treatment that demonstrated to be effective in reduction or inhibition of fruits decay development. Some components of EOs have potential as active compounds for the formulation of natural preparations to use as alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the management of green, blue and sour rot in citrus fruit (Moussa et al, 2021). For this reason keyword "Citrus" has gained attention in the publications of the last years, as reveled its yellow color in Fig.…”

Section: Essential Oils (Eos) and Fungicidalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Essential oils and their applications in agriculture and agricultural products: A literature analysis through VOSviewer

Catani

Grassi²,

Montanara³

et al. 2022

Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology

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Action of thymol, carvacrol and eugenol on Penicillium and Geotrichum isolates resistant to commercial fungicides and causing postharvest citrus decay

Cited by 18 publications

References 33 publications

Limonin Enhances the Antifungal Activity of Eugenol Nanoemulsion against Penicillium Italicum In Vitro and In Vivo Tests

Limonin Enhances the Antifungal Activity of Eugenol Nanoemulsion against Penicillium Italicum In Vitro and In Vivo Tests

In Vitro Study of Biological Activity of Tanacetum vulgare Extracts

Essential oils and their applications in agriculture and agricultural products: A literature analysis through VOSviewer

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