Action of Stable Manure in the Decomposition of Cellulose in Tilled Soil1

Barthel, Chr.; Bengtsson, N.

doi:10.1097/00010694-192409000-00004

Cited by 7 publications

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“…For the determination of cellulose in the soil, the method of Charpentier (1921) as modified by Barthel and Bengtsson (1924) has been used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Influence of available nitrogen upon cellulose decomposition in the soil Niklewski (1912), Charpentier (1921), Barthel and Bengtsson (1924), and Waksman and Heukelekian (1924a) found that the decompo ition of cellulose in the soil is largely controlled by the amounit of available nitrogen. This is due to the fact that no nitrogen-fixing bacteria are capable of using cellulose directly as a source of energy; the organisms decomposing the cellulose, whether they be fungi or bacteria, need a definite amount of nitrogen for the synthesis of their protoplasm, using cellulose as a source of energy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microörganisms Concerned in the Decomposition of Celluloses in the Soil

Waksman¹,

Skinner²

1926

J Bacteriol

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The decomposition of celluloses is carried on in the soil, and in nature in general, by a large number of different organisms. These belong morphologically to the bacteria, the fungi, and the actinomycetes. The organisms decomposing cellulose, especially the bacteria, vary not only in their morphological, but also in their physiological characteristics. The ability to decompose cellulose seems to be widespread among the fungi and actinomycetes, although some fungi are unable to decompose cellulose at all, while others can readily utilize celluloses as the only source of energy. The growth of actinomycetes, even in the case of those forms which are capable of breaking down celluloses in the absence of other sources of energy, is so limited and the transformation of the cellulose is so small that one might venture the suggestion that they play a rather limited r6le in this process. The bacteria capable of decomposing cellulose fall, however, into a few phy~iologically distinct groups. Physiologically they have been classified as (a) aerobic, (b) anaerobic, (c) thermophilic and (d) denitrifying forms. Morphologically they are (a) sporeforming rods, (b) non-spore forming rods, (c) spirochaetes and vibrios. A few, like the Spirochaeta cytophaga Hutchinson and Clayton, can grow only on cellulose media, while others, like the organisms isolated by Kellerman, McBeth and their associates, seem 1o be able to grow also on other media free from IPaper No. 250 of the Journal Series, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Stations, Departme nt of Soil Chemistry and Bacteriology.

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“…For the determination of cellulose in the soil, the method of Charpentier (1921) as modified by Barthel and Bengtsson (1924) has been used.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microörganisms Concerned in the Decomposition of Celluloses in the Soil

Waksman¹,

Skinner²

1926

J Bacteriol

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“…The rate of aeration was controlled by bubbling the air from each aeration tube through dilute sulphuric acid. The amount of air drawn through the cultures in this manner was approximately 1 The results are presented in figure 2. Additions of asparagine ranged 0.…”

Section: Inoculation and Growth Of The Corncob-meal Culturesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…BARTHEL and BENGTSSON (1) found that the favorable influence of stable manure upon cellulose fermentation in the soil was exerted by the nitrogen added with the manure. The soil micro-flora in this case was not limited to fungi.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Nitrogen in Fungous Thermogenesis

Gaskill

Gilman

1939

Plant Physiol.

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“…DURING the course of an investigation into the decomposition of green manures in soil it was necessary to determine the amount of cellulose that underwent changes at the different stages of fermentation. Charpentier [1920] has shown that when cellulose, in the form of filter-paper, is mixed with soil it can be recovered quantitatively by extraction with Schweitzer's reagent, an observation later confirmed by Barthel and Bengtsson [1924]. This method, however, cannot be applied directly to soils mixed with plant materials, as the plant tissues contain, amongst other constituents, hemicelluloses and lignin which interfere with the extraction of cellulose with Schweitzer's reagent.…”

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confidence: 99%

The determination of cellulose in soil

Daji

1932

Biochemical Journal

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INTRODUCTORY. DURING the course of an investigation into the decomposition of green manures in soil it was necessary to determine the amount of cellulose that underwent changes at the different stages of fermentation. Charpentier [1920] has shown that when cellulose, in the form of filter-paper, is mixed with soil it can be recovered quantitatively by extraction with Schweitzer's reagent, an observation later confirmed by Barthel and Bengtsson [1924]. This method, however, cannot be applied directly to soils mixed with plant materials, as the plant tissues contain, amongst other constituents, hemicelluloses and lignin which interfere with the extraction of cellulose with Schweitzer's reagent. The hemicelluloses are to a certain extent soluble in Schweitzer's reagent and are precipitated with alcohol. Lignin on the other hand acts as a barrier to the complete dissolution of cellulose in Schweitzer's reagent.Waksman and Tenney [1927] suggested treating the material with a 5 % solution of NaOH for 30 minutes at 15 lbs. pressure in order to remove the hemicelluloses and lignin before extracting the cellulose with Schweitzer's reagent. Solutions of sodium hydroxide of strength greater than 1-2 % are known to attack cellulose, so that any treatment in which the plant material is exposed to the action of alkali of more than 1-2 % strength at high temperatures is bound to give a low yield of cellulose. Bengtsson [1924] proposed treating the soil mixed with plant materials with a solution of sodium bisulphite in hydrochloric acid at a temperature of 100°for 72 hours and then extracting cellulose with Schweitzer's reagent. Apart from the fact that the sulphite process of separating cellulose gives lower yields than the Cross and Bevan method, the period of digestion required for the preliminary treatment of the material makes the process too long.With a view to the elimination of these disadvantages an attempt was made to find a suitable method for the estimation of cellulose in plant materials mixed with soil. I This paper is an abridged form of part of a thesis approved for the degree of Ph.D. in the University of London.

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Action of Stable Manure in the Decomposition of Cellulose in Tilled Soil1

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Microörganisms Concerned in the Decomposition of Celluloses in the Soil

Microörganisms Concerned in the Decomposition of Celluloses in the Soil

Role of Nitrogen in Fungous Thermogenesis

The determination of cellulose in soil

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