Action of phosphine on production of aflatoxins by various Aspergillus strains isolated from foodstuffs

Leitão, Jorge H.; Saint-Blanquat, G. De; Bailly, J. R.

doi:10.1128/aem.53.10.2328-2331.1987

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Inhibition of ROS defense enzymes will exacerbate the toxic effect of phosphine. These effects are acting on biochemistry common to aerobic energy production in mitochondria and bacteria, and so, it is plausible to suggest that any antifungal effects of phosphine are also due to O 2 -dependent mechanisms (Leitao et al, 1987(Leitao et al, , 1990.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Phosphines Is Specific To O 2 -Dependent Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trivalent Phosphorus and Phosphines as Components of Biochemistry in Anoxic Environments

Bains¹,

Petkowski

Sousa-Silva

et al. 2019

Astrobiology

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Phosphorus is an essential element for all life on Earth, yet trivalent phosphorus (e.g., in phosphines) appears to be almost completely absent from biology. Instead phosphorus is utilized by life almost exclusively as phosphate, apart from a small contingent of other pentavalent phosphorus compounds containing structurally similar chemical groups. In this work, we address four previously stated arguments as to why life does not explore trivalent phosphorus: (1) precedent (lack of confirmed instances of trivalent phosphorus in biochemicals suggests that life does not have the means to exploit this chemistry), (2) thermodynamic limitations (synthesizing trivalent phosphorus compounds is too energetically costly), (3) stability (phosphines are too reactive and readily oxidize in an oxygen (O 2)-rich atmosphere), and (4) toxicity (the trivalent phosphorus compounds are broadly toxic). We argue that the first two of these arguments are invalid, and the third and fourth arguments only apply to the O 2-rich environment of modern Earth. Specifically, both the reactivity and toxicity of phosphines are specific to aerobic life and strictly dependent on O 2-rich environment. We postulate that anaerobic life persisting in anoxic (O 2-free) environments may exploit trivalent phosphorus chemistry much more extensively. We review the production of trivalent phosphorus compounds by anaerobic organisms, including phosphine gas and an alkyl phosphine, phospholane. We suggest that the failure to find more such compounds in modern terrestrial life may be a result of the strong bias of the search for natural products toward aerobic organisms. We postulate that a more thorough identification of metabolites of the anaerobic biosphere could reveal many more trivalent phosphorus compounds. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our work for the origin and early evolution of life, and suggest that trivalent phosphorus compounds could be valuable markers for both extraterrestrial life and the Shadow Biosphere on Earth.

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Section: Toxicity Of Phosphines Is Specific To O 2 -Dependent Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trivalent Phosphorus and Phosphines as Components of Biochemistry in Anoxic Environments

Bains¹,

Petkowski

Sousa-Silva

et al. 2019

Astrobiology

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“…Aspergillus section Aspergillus A. glaucus Hanssen and Jung, 1973;Samajpati, 1979Eurotium amstelodami Janicki et al, 1972Abarca et al, 1997 Eurotium chevalieri Mabrouk andEl-Shayeb, 1980;Kulik and Holaday, 1966;Leitao et al, 1989;El-Kady et al, 1994;Abarca et al, 1997 E. intermedium Kulik and Holaday, 1966;Leitao et al, 1989;El-Kady et al, 1994Eurotium herbariorum Vázquez-Belda et al, 1995Eurotium repens Kulik and Holaday, 1966Janicki et al, 1972;Leitao et al, 1987Leitao et al, , 1989Abarca et al, 1997Eurotium rubrum Abarca et al, 1997Leitao et al, 1987Leitao et al, , 1989Kulik and Holaday, 1966 Aspergillus section Candidi A. candidus Abarca et al, 1997;Jayaraman and Kalyanasundaram, 1980;Samajpati, 1979Aspergillus section Circumdati A. ochraceus Van Walbeek et al, 1968Reddy et al, 2004A. ostianus Scott et al, 1967A.…”

Section: Species Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

A reappraisal of fungi producing aflatoxins

Varga

Frisvad

Samson

2009

WMJ

111

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Aflatoxins are decaketide-derived secondary metabolites which are produced by a complex biosynthetic pathway. Aflatoxins are among the economically most important mycotoxins. Aflatoxin B1 exhibits hepatocarcinogenic and hepatotoxic properties, and is frequently referred to as the most potent naturally occurring carcinogen. Acute aflatoxicosis epidemics occur in several parts of Asia and Africa leading to the death of several hundred people. Aflatoxin production has incorrectly been claimed for a long list of Aspergillus species and also for species assigned to other fungal genera. Recent data indicate that aflatoxins are produced by 13 species assigned to three sections of the genus Aspergillus: section Flavi (A. flavus, A. pseudotamarii, A. parasiticus, A. nomius, A. bombycis, A. parvisclerotigenus, A. minisclerotigenes, A. arachidicola), section Nidulantes (Emericella astellata, E. venezuelensis, E. olivicola) and section Ochraceorosei (A. ochraceoroseus, A. rambellii). Several species claimed to produce aflatoxins have been synonymised with other aflatoxin producers, including A. toxicarius (=A. parasiticus), A. flavus var. columnaris (=A. flavus) or A. zhaoqingensis (=A. nomius). Compounds with related structures include sterigmatocystin, an intermediate of aflatoxin biosynthesis produced by several Aspergilli and species assigned to other genera, and dothistromin produced by a range of non-Aspergillus species. In this review, we wish to give an overview of aflatoxin production including the list of species incorrectly identified as aflatoxin producers, and provide short descriptions of the 'true' aflatoxin producing species.

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“…Some of these compounds, such as echinulin, physcion and flavoglaucin, even though not considered mycotoxins sensu stricto , do show toxicity to animals [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. In addition, the production of more potent mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, gliotoxin, sterigmatocystin and ochratoxin, by the Aspergillus section Aspergillus species is controversial [ 9 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Several published reports of such mycotoxic potential exist, but these studies have been criticized for lacking further confirming studies using taxonomically properly characterized fungal isolates, or no repetitive mycotoxin detection has been achieved [ 9 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic Characterization and Secondary Metabolite Profiling of Aspergillus Section Aspergillus Contaminating Feeds and Feedstuffs

Greco

Kemppainen

Pose

et al. 2015

Toxins

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Xerophilic fungal species of the genus Aspergillus are economically highly relevant due to their ability to grow on low water activity substrates causing spoilage of stored goods and animal feeds. These fungi can synthesize a variety of secondary metabolites, many of which show animal toxicity, creating a health risk for food production animals and to humans as final consumers, respectively. Animal feeds used for rabbit, chinchilla and rainbow trout production in Argentina were analysed for the presence of xerophilic Aspergillus section Aspergillus species. High isolation frequencies (>60%) were detected in all the studied rabbit and chinchilla feeds, while the rainbow trout feeds showed lower fungal charge (25%). These section Aspergillus contaminations comprised predominantly five taxa. Twenty isolates were subjected to taxonomic characterization using both ascospore SEM micromorphology and two independent DNA loci sequencing. The secondary metabolite profiles of the isolates were determined qualitatively by HPLC-MS. All the isolates produced neoechinulin A, 17 isolates were positive for cladosporin and echinulin, and 18 were positive for neoechinulin B. Physcion and preechinulin were detected in a minor proportion of the isolates. This is the first report describing the detailed species composition and the secondary metabolite profiles of Aspergillus section Aspergillus contaminating animal feeds.

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Action of phosphine on production of aflatoxins by various Aspergillus strains isolated from foodstuffs

Cited by 23 publications

References 14 publications

Trivalent Phosphorus and Phosphines as Components of Biochemistry in Anoxic Environments

Trivalent Phosphorus and Phosphines as Components of Biochemistry in Anoxic Environments

A reappraisal of fungi producing aflatoxins

Taxonomic Characterization and Secondary Metabolite Profiling of Aspergillus Section Aspergillus Contaminating Feeds and Feedstuffs

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