The effect of x-rays on respiration and glycolysis was studied in organ cultures of the retina of the guinea-pig and the rat.(1) With the guinea-pig there was a rapid depression of respiration after doses of 2000 rad or more. The magnitude of the depression was proportional to the amount of histological damage in the visual cell layers. No effect on aerobic or anaerobic glycolysis was detected.(2) With the rat there was a moderate depression of both respiration and glycolysis after doses of 5000 rad or more. But the magnitude of the depression was not proportional to dose or to the amount of histological damage in the visual cell layers.(3) The differences in behaviour of the retinae of the two species is attributed to different metabolic and vascular patterns.