Action of Bacillus natto 16 on deoxynivalenol (DON) from wheat flour

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this research is to study the removal characteristics and evaluate the detoxify action of deoxynivalenol by Bacillus natto 16 in wheat flour as food or feed. Methods and Results: The content of deoxynivalenol was determined using ELISA by testing the deoxynivalenol removal rate, and the influence of culture supernatant, intracellular substances, crude enzyme and cell wall on the deoxynivalenol in wheat flour was studied. The effect of bacterial components on the removal of deoxynivalenol was studied in the artificial gastrointestinal environment to simulate the digestion of food. Secondary metabolites were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The cell wall can reduce the content of deoxynivalenol in the sample by adsorption, the influence of culture supernatant, intracellular substances and crude enzyme can convert deoxynivalenol into substances with a lower molecular weight. Bacterial components have no effect on deoxynivalenol in wheat flour in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and have a certain removal effect on deoxynivalenol, which is closely related to intestinal digestion time and pH, in simulated intestinal fluid. Conclusions: Experimental results indicate that the removal of deoxynivalenol by B. natto 16 includes adsorption and biodegradation, SGF would invalidate the deoxynivalenol removal activity of B. natto 16's components. Significance and Impact of the Study: Our study showed that as an edible probiotic bacterium, B. natto 16 can effectively remove deoxynivalenol from wheat flour as food or feed, and can be used as a new deoxynivalenoldetoxifying microbe. The results of this research could provide the theory foundation for further development and application of B. natto 16.

Isolation and Characterization of Two New Deoxynivalenol-Degrading Strains, Bacillus sp. HN117 and Bacillus sp. N22

“…Bacillus species have always been deemed as a useful microbial resource, which shows great application potential in various fields, e.g., agriculture, medicine, food, industrial production, and environmental protection [49][50][51]. Notably, Bacillus species have also been found to decrease the toxicity or production of DON, for example, B. licheniformis YB9 could degrade more than 82.67% of 1 mg/L DON and attenuated the damages caused by DON in mice [52]; B. natto 16 could remove the DON in wheat flour by adsorption and biodegradation [53]; B. subtilis ATCC6633 could inhibit conidial spore formation and germination of F. graminearum, and, therefore, decreased the production of DON in infected grains [54]; B. subtilis ANSB060-and B. subtilis ANSB01G-based mycotoxin biodegradation agent have been used as microbial additive to counteract DON, aflatoxin (AF), and zearalenone (Zen) in food and feed [55]; B. subtilis NHIBC 006D was found to secrete a kind of extracellular protein to degrade DON [56]. Recently, B. subtilis ASAG 216 isolated from the intestine of a donkey was reported to be a potential feed ingredient in daily feed to attenuate the damage of DON on piglets [57,58].…”

Global distribution, toxicity to humans and animals, biodegradation, and nutritional mitigation of deoxynivalenol: A review

“…Zhang, Yu, et al. (2021) suggested that Bacillus natto 16 (10 10 , 10 11 , and 10 12 CFU/mL) can effectively degrade DON (600.4 ± 9.5 μg/kg) from wheat flour as food or feed. Ru et al.…”

Isolation of Bacillus velezensis from Silage and Its Effect on Aerobic Stability and In Vitro Methane Production of Whole-Plant Corn Silage

“…About 2 mL of bacterial solution (OD600 = 0.6) was inoculated into 100 mL of nutrient broth and cultivated at 140 rpm and 37 °C. The OD at 600 nm wavelength was measured every 2 h, and a growth curve was drawn [18]. The fermentation fluid in the stationary phase was inoculated into the nutrient broth to obtain a 1% concentration and cultured at different temperatures (30,40,50,60, and 70 °C) and pH values (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10) for 12 h. Viable counts were determined.…”