Action of Guar Gums on the Viscosity of Digestive Contents and on the Gastrointestinal Motor Function in Pigs

Cherbut, Christine; Albina, Emmanuel; Champ, Martine; Doublier, Jean‐Louis; Lecannu, Gérard

doi:10.1159/000200347

Cited by 85 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Lambo et al (2005) submitted that minor differences were observed between the contents of proteins and minerals in each cereal group; the maximum viscosity for the oat samples decreased after fermentation while the molecular weights were not significantly affected. To our knowledge, digesta viscosity could increase the gastrointestinal myo-electrical activity, and reduce nutrient diffusion to the mucosa (Cherbut et al, 1990;Schneeman, 1990). Viscosity may affect the proliferation of haemolytic E. coli by trapping the bacteria and the substrates necessary for their growth in the lumen of the intestine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The convective solute movement in digesta is impaired by the viscosity of guar gum (Blackburn et al, 1984). The increased motility index increased intestinal transit time (Cherbut et al, 1990), and altered mixing of digesta could also have favored bacterial colonization in the small intestine. Therefore, we could say that fermented oat was more beneficial for growth than nature oat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Different Levels of Fermented Oat on Growth Performance, Nutrientdigestibility, Diarrhea Incidence, Fecal Microorganisms and Emission Gas in Weaned Pigs

Cho¹,

Kim²

2012

JAS

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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of fermented oat meal on growth performance, diarrhea incidence, fecal microorganisms, and emission gas in weaned pigs. A total of 80 crossbred piglets (7.31 ± 0.24 kg) weaned at 21 days of age were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design based on the initial body weight (BW). This experiment included 2 phases. In the first phase (from 0 to 21 d), there were 5 treatments: T1 (15% nature oat), T2 (3.7% fermented oat + 11.3% nature oat), T3 (7.5% fermented oat + 7.5% nature oat), T4 (11.3% fermented oat + 3.7% nature oat), T5 (15% fermented oat). In the second phase (from 21 to 35 d): T1 (7% nature oat), T2 (1.75% fermented oat + 5.25% nature oat), T3 (3.5% fermented oat + 3.5% nature oat), T4 (5.25% fermented oat + 1.75% nature oat), T5 (7% fermented oat). Pigs had access to feed and water ad libitum and their BW and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were measured for each phase throughout the duration of the experiment. During the first phase,the use of 7.5%, 11.3% and 15% fermented oat to replace nature oat improvedaverage daily gain (ADG) and gain/feed ratio (G/F) (P<0.05). . During the second phase, the use of 3.5%, 5.3%, and 7% fermented oat to substitute nature increased ADG. Entire period of this experiment, T3 and T4 treatments were presented higher ADG, G/F compared with T1 and T2 treatments. Different levels of fermented oat didnot affect diarrhea incidence score, digestibility, fecal microorganisms and emission gas. It is concluded thatfermented oat can serve as an alternative feed ingredient for possibly replacing the use of nature oat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Levels of Fermented Oat on Growth Performance, Nutrientdigestibility, Diarrhea Incidence, Fecal Microorganisms and Emission Gas in Weaned Pigs

Cho¹,

Kim²

2012

JAS

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“…Increased viscosity in the small intestine might slow gut transit time (Bach Knudsen and Hansen, 1991;Noblet and Le Goff, 2001) due to suppressed intestinal contractions (Cherbut et al, 1990), which in turn leads to less mixing of dietary components with endogenous digestive enzymes (Johnston et al, 2003). The changes in the physical characteristics of the intestinal contents due to the presence of specific fibre components may influence gastric emptying, dilute gastrointestinal enzymes and absorbable compounds in the gut and slow down the diffusion or mobility of enzymes, substrates and nutrients to the absorptive surface (FAO, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of biofuel co-products in pig diets on the excretory patterns of N and C and on the subsequent ammonia and methane emissions from pig effluent

Jarret

Martinez

Dourmad

2011

Animal

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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of incorporation into pig diets of 20% of different co-products from the biofuel industries, which are rich in fibre, on animal growth performance, on nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) excretions, and on the subsequent ammonia volatilisation and methane production during the storage of slurry. Five experimental diets mainly based on wheat and soyabean meal were formulated: two control diets, a control high-protein (CHP) diet with 17.5% of crude protein (CP) and a control low-protein (CLP) diet with 14.0% of CP and three experimental diets with 20% of (i) dried distiller's grain with solubles (DDGS), (ii) sugar beet pulp (SBP) or (iii) fatty rapeseed meal (FRM). The animals used (20 castrated males) were housed individually in metabolism cages and fed one of the five diets (i.e. four pigs per diet). Urine and faeces were collected separately from each pig in order to measure nutrient digestibility and the excretory patterns of N and C. For each diet, ammonia volatilisation was measured from samples of slurry subsequently produced, over a 16-day storage period in a laboratory pilot scale system. The ultimate methane potential (B 0, expressed in litres CH 4 /kg organic matter (OM)) was measured from the same slurry, for each diet, in anaerobic storage conditions over 100 days. The addition of sources of fibres to the diet decreased (P , 0.05) the animal growth performance by 13% and increased (P , 0.05) the amount of faeces excreted by 100%, whereas the amount of urine was not affected. For the high-fibre diets, there was a shift of N partitioning from urine to faeces, resulting in a much higher faecal N excretion (10 v. 5 g N/pig per day). Concurrently, the fibre enrichment in diets significantly increased (P , 0.05) the C content of the faeces by 68%. Ammonia emission from slurry was significantly reduced (P , 0.05) by 19% to 33% for the high-fibre diets, compared to the CHP diet. Ammonia emission was also reduced (P , 0.05) by 33% for the CLP compared to the CHP diet. B 0 values ranged from 428 to 484 l CH 4 /kg OM. When these are expressed per pig and per day, the B 0 from slurry was, on average, 70 l for the two control diets, and 121, 91 and 130 l for the slurry originating from the DDGS, SBP and FRM diets, respectively.

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“…While it has been suggested that soluble fibres may affect plasma glucose by delaying gastric emptying (Torsdottir et al, 1991), others argue that soluble fibre exerts its effect by lowering the rate of diffusion of nutrients from the intestinal lumen to the absorptive membrane (Lund et al, 1989) or by mediating increased intestinal mobility (Cherbut et al, 1990). The form of the food and its botanical structure can also have an important role (Juntunen et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabinoxylan fibre improves metabolic control in people with Type II diabetes

et al. 2004

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Objective: To determine whether diet supplementation with arabinoxylan-rich (AX)-fibre from wheat improves glycaemic control in Type II diabetes. Design: Randomized, crossover intervention trial. Setting: Monash Medical Centre. Subjects: A total of 15 subjects with Type II diabetes. Interventions: Over two 5-week periods, subjects supplemented their usual diet with control bread and muffins (50% whole wheat, 50% white flour) (control diet) or with AX-bread and muffins (50% whole wheat, 36% white flour, 14% AX fibre) (AX diet). Subjects completed a 7-day food diary. At 0 and 5 weeks, venous blood was collected for determination of fasting and 2 h glucose, insulin, fructosamine and blood lipids. Blood pressure, body weight and body fat were also determined. A 24 h faecal sample, from 12 subjects, was weighed and analysed for faecal polysaccharide as a marker for dietary compliance. Results: Control and AX diets were similar except the AX diet supplied an additional 15.1 (12.0-18.5) (mean (95% confidence intervals)) g/day dietary fibre (P ¼ 0.000). Consumption of the AX diet increased faecal output by 61.5 (0.2-122.8) g/day (P ¼ 0.05) on a wet weight basis and significantly lowered fasting and 2 h plasma glucose, 2 h insulin and serum fructosamine (P ¼ 0.002, 0.000, 0.015, and 0.02, respectively). Blood lipids, body weight, fat mass and blood pressure remained unchanged. Conclusion: A supplement of 15 g/day of AX-rich fibre can significantly improve glycaemic control in people with Type II diabetes.

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Action of Guar Gums on the Viscosity of Digestive Contents and on the Gastrointestinal Motor Function in Pigs

Cited by 85 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of Different Levels of Fermented Oat on Growth Performance, Nutrientdigestibility, Diarrhea Incidence, Fecal Microorganisms and Emission Gas in Weaned Pigs

Effects of Different Levels of Fermented Oat on Growth Performance, Nutrientdigestibility, Diarrhea Incidence, Fecal Microorganisms and Emission Gas in Weaned Pigs

Effect of biofuel co-products in pig diets on the excretory patterns of N and C and on the subsequent ammonia and methane emissions from pig effluent

Arabinoxylan fibre improves metabolic control in people with Type II diabetes

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