Action of cholecalciferol and alpha-tocopherol on Staphylococcus aureus efflux pumps

Tintino, Saulo Relison; Morais-Tintino, Cícera D.; Campina, Fábia F.; Pereira, Raimundo Luiz Silva; Costa, Maria do Socorro; Braga, Maria Flaviana Bezerra Morais; Limaverde, Paulo W.; Andrade, Jacqueline Cosmo; Siqueira-Júnior, José P.; Coutinho, Henrique Douglas Melo; Balbino, Valdir Queiroz; Leal-Balbino, Tereza Cristina; Ribeiro-Filho, Jaime; Quintans‐Júnior, Lucindo José

doi:10.17179/excli2016-277

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…Efflux pumps form an important bacterial multidrug resistance mechanism [ 78 ]. Alpha-tocopherol, the more common form of vitamin E, has been shown to inhibit the efflux pumps of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [ 79 ]. Currently, there is no direct evidence showing that tocotrienol can inhibit bacterial efflux pumps, but it has been shown to suppress the P-gp protein and mdr1 mRNA in breast cancer cells [ 80 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Tocotrienol on Gut Microbiota: A Scoping Review

Kumareswaran,

Ekeuku,

Mohamed

et al. 2023

Life

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Gut dysbiosis has been associated with many chronic diseases, such as obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. Gut dysbiosis triggers these diseases through the activation of the immune system by the endotoxins produced by gut microbiota, which leads to systemic inflammation. In addition to pre-/pro-/postbiotics, many natural products can restore healthy gut microbiota composition. Tocotrienol, which is a subfamily of vitamin E, has been demonstrated to have such effects. This scoping review presents an overview of the effects of tocotrienol on gut microbiota according to the existing scientific literature. A literature search to identify relevant studies was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Only original research articles which aligned with the review’s objective were examined. Six relevant studies investigating the effects of tocotrienol on gut microbiota were included. All of the studies used animal models to demonstrate that tocotrienol altered the gut microbiota composition, but none demonstrated the mechanism by which this occurred. The studies induced diseases known to be associated with gut dysbiosis in rats. Tocotrienol partially restored the gut microbiota compositions of the diseased rats so that they resembled those of the healthy rats. Tocotrienol also demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory effects in these animals. In conclusion, tocotrienol could exert anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing inflammation directly or partially by altering the gut microbiota composition, thus achieving its therapeutic effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Tocotrienol on Gut Microbiota: A Scoping Review

Kumareswaran,

Ekeuku,

Mohamed

et al. 2023

Life

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“…Previous studies on erythromycin combinations with pellitorine, sesamin, piperic acid and tetrahydropiperine [ 27 ], hydroxyamines [ 28 ], totarol [ 29 ], oleic and linoleic acids [ 30 ] showed significant decreases in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of erythromycin against MS S. aureus isolates by inhibiting MsrA protein. Previous studies on CCCP [ 31 ], caffeine [ 32 ], piperine [ 33 ], omeprazole [ 34 ], vitamin D3 [ 35 ], vitamin K [ 36 ], verapamil [ 37 ], and digoxin [ 38 ] showed inhibitory activity on S. aureus efflux proteins. Neomycin also potentiated anti-staphylococcal activity of mupirocin [ 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Erythromycin and Erythromycin-Induced Resistance among Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates

et al. 2023

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The increasing incidence of erythromycin and erythromycin-induced resistance to clindamycin among Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a serious problem. Patients infected with inducible resistance phenotypes may fail to respond to clindamycin. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of erythromycin and erythromycin-induced resistance and assess for potential inhibitors. A total of 99 isolates were purified from various clinical sources. Phenotypic detection of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB)-resistance phenotypes was performed by D-test. MLSB-resistance genes were identified using PCR. Different compounds were tested for their effects on erythromycin and inducible clindamycin resistance by broth microdilution and checkerboard microdilution methods. The obtained data were evaluated using docking analysis. Ninety-one isolates were S. aureus. The prevalence of constitutive MLSB, inducible MLSB, and macrolide-streptogramin (MS) phenotypes was 39.6%, 14.3%, and 2.2%, respectively. Genes including ermC, ermA, ermB, msrA, msrB, lnuA, and mphC were found in 82.6%, 5.8%, 7.7%, 3.8%, 3.8%, 13.5%, and 3.8% of isolates, respectively. Erythromycin resistance was significantly reduced by doxorubicin, neomycin, and omeprazole. Quinine, ketoprofen, and fosfomycin combated and reversed erythromycin/clindamycin-induced resistance. This study highlighted the significance of managing antibiotic resistance and overcoming clindamycin treatment failure. Doxorubicin, neomycin, omeprazole, quinine, ketoprofen, and fosfomycin could be potential inhibitors of erythromycin and inducible clindamycin resistance.

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“…Recently, antioxidants have gained notoriety for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects, whether by upregulating anti-inflammatory genes (e.g., β-carotene and lycopene), downregulating bacterial virulence genes (e.g., cholecalciferol and α-tocopherol), or improving the efficacy of current antimicrobial agents (e.g., ascorbic acid, nicotinamide, and α-tocopherol). Indeed, they may provide a viable option for supportive therapy [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. In particular, ascorbic acid and nicotinamide may prove to be outstanding candidates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Nicotinamide on Panton–Valentine Leukocidin Cytotoxicity: An Ex Vivo Study

Al-Saleh

Shahid

Farid

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Background: Panton–Valentine Leukocidin sustains a strong cytotoxic activity, targeting immune cells and, consequently, perforating the plasma membrane and inducing cell death. The present study is aimed to examine the individual effect of ascorbic acid and nicotinamide on PVL cytotoxicity ex vivo, as well as their effect on granulocytes viability when treated with PVL. Materials and Methods: The PVL cytotoxicity assay was performed in triplicates using the commercial Cytotoxicity Detection Kit PLUS (LDH). LDH release was measured to determine cell damage and cell viability was measured via flow cytometry. Results and discussion: A clear reduction in PVL cytotoxicity was demonstrated (p < 0.001). Treatment with ascorbic acid at 5 mg/mL has shown a 3-fold reduction in PVL cytotoxicity; likewise, nicotinamide illustrated a 4-fold reduction in PVL cytotoxicity. Moreover, granulocytes’ viability after PVL treatment was maintained when incubated with 5 mg/mL of ascorbic acid and nicotinamide. Conclusions: our findings illustrated that ascorbic acid and nicotinamide exhibit an inhibitory effect on PVL cytotoxicity and promote cell viability, as the cytotoxic effect of the toxin is postulated to be neutralized by antioxidant incubation. Further investigations are needed to assess whether these antioxidants may be viable options in PVL cytotoxicity attenuation in PVL-associated diseases.

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Action of cholecalciferol and alpha-tocopherol on Staphylococcus aureus efflux pumps

Cited by 20 publications

References 44 publications

The Effects of Tocotrienol on Gut Microbiota: A Scoping Review

The Effects of Tocotrienol on Gut Microbiota: A Scoping Review

Inhibition of Erythromycin and Erythromycin-Induced Resistance among Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates

The Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Nicotinamide on Panton–Valentine Leukocidin Cytotoxicity: An Ex Vivo Study

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