Action Observation in People with Parkinson’s Disease. A Motor–Cognitive Combined Approach for Motor Rehabilitation. A Preliminary Report

Iorio, Walter Di; Ciarimboli, Alessandro; Ferriero, Giorgio; Feleppa, Michele; Baratto, Luigi; Matarazzo, Giuseppe; Gentile, Giovanni; Masiero, Stefano; Sale, Patrizio

doi:10.3390/diseases6030058

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…The implementation of training programs based on the observation of executed actions could allow the activation of motor representations and the reinforcement of old and/or new motor patterns learning, while modulating motivational processes in PD. Di Iorio et al (2018) have recently suggested that action observation is a “safe and feasible” rehabilitative exercise for improving balance, gait, and reducing falls in PD. Their positive findings, the simplicity of treatment, the lack of side effects, support our hypothesis of exploiting MNS, action observation and “somato-aesthetic empathy” to act on a motivational and behavioral level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Happens When I Watch a Ballet and I Am Dyskinetic? A fMRI Case Report in Parkinson Disease

et al. 2020

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Background: The identical sets of neurons-the mirror neuron system (MNS)-can be activated by simply observing specific, specific movements, decoded behaviors and even facial expressions performed by other people. The same neurons activated during observation are those recruited during the same movements and actions. Hence the mirror system plays a central role in observing and executing movements. Little is known about MNS in a neurodegenerative motor disorder, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD) is. Methods: We explored the neural correlates potentially involved in empathy and embodiment in PD through complex action observation of complex behaviors like the choreutical arts. An integrated multidisciplinary assessment (neurological, neuropsychiatric, and neuropsychological) was used for the selection of the PD candidate for the neuroimaging experimental acquisition. For the first time in literature the famous Calvo-Merino's paradigm was administered to a PD subject.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Happens When I Watch a Ballet and I Am Dyskinetic? A fMRI Case Report in Parkinson Disease

et al. 2020

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“…Two recent studies have further examined the role of AOT in PD rehabilitation, showing significant results in terms of improvement not only from the motor but also from the cognitive point of view. In a study by Di Iorio et al () in cognitively conserved patients with PD, the improvement in cognitive and motor performance (including FoG) thanks to AOT was correlated with a reduction in P300 latency duration (finding which points to changes in cortical activity). Another study (Caligiore et al, ) showed that long‐term AOT could also lead to cognitive improvement in PD patients if utilized within a dual task framework.…”

Section: Mirror Neurons and Neurodegenerative Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Mirror neurons and their relationship with neurodegenerative disorders

Farina

Borgnis

Pozzo

2020

J of Neuroscience Research

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The finding of mirror neurons (MNs) has provided a biological substrate to a new concept of cognition, relating data on actions and perceptions not only to integrate perception in action planning and execution but also as a neural mechanism supporting a wide range of cognitive functions. Here we first summarize data on MN localization and role in primates, then we report findings in normal human subjects: functional magnetic resonance imaging and neurophysiological studies sustain that MNs have a role in motor learning and recognizing actions and intentions of others, and they also support an embodied view of language, empathy, and memory. Then, we detail the results of literature searching on MNs and embodied cognition in Parkinson's disease (PD), frontotemporal dementia (FTD)/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and in mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/Alzheimer's disease (AD). In PD the network of MN could be altered, but its hyperactivation might support motor and cognitive performances at least in early stages. In the ALS/FTD continuum, preliminary evidence points out to an involvement of the MN network, which could explain language and inter-subjectivity deficits shown in patients affected by these clinical entities. In the MCI/ AD spectrum, a few recent studies suggest a possible progressive involvement from posterior to anterior areas of the MN network, with the brain putting in place compensatory mechanisms in early stages. Reinterpreting neurodegenerative diseases at the light of the new views about brain organization stemming from the discovery of MN could help to better comprehend clinical manifestations and open new pathways to rehabilitation. K E Y W O R D S Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, embodied cognition, frontotemporal dementia, mirror neurons, Parkinson's disease | 1071 FARINA et Al.

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“…However, AO can be used as peripheral feedback and sensorimotor integration by modulating cortical plasticity and may provide them with convenient cues to enhance their motor function. Despite the small number of studies, this fact can be supported [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. However, due to the diversity of interventions in these studies, it is unclear how the stimuli and the dose of interventions affected the outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Action Observation Therapy as a Rehabilitation Tool in Parkinson’s Disease Patients: A Systematic Review

Giannakopoulos

Karanika

Papaxanthis

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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During Action Observation (AO), patients observe human movements that they then try to imitate physically. Until now, few studies have investigated the effectiveness of it in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, due to the diversity of interventions, it is unclear how the dose and characteristics can affect its efficiency. We investigated the AO protocols used in PD, by discussing the intervention features and the outcome measures in relation to their efficacy. A search was conducted through MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane, and WoS until November 2021, for RCTs with AO interventions. Participant’s characteristics, treatment features, outcome measures, and main results were extracted from each study. Results were gathered into a quantitative synthesis (MD and 95% CI) for each time point. Seven studies were included in the review, with 227 participants and a mean PEDro score of 6.7. These studies reported positive effects of AO in PD patients, mainly on walking ability and typical motor signs of PD like freezing of gait. However, disagreements among authors exist, mainly due to the heterogeneity of the intervention features. In overall, AO improves functional abilities and motor control in PD patients, with the intervention dose and the characteristics of the stimulus playing a decisive role in its efficacy.

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Action Observation in People with Parkinson’s Disease. A Motor–Cognitive Combined Approach for Motor Rehabilitation. A Preliminary Report

Cited by 11 publications

References 29 publications

What Happens When I Watch a Ballet and I Am Dyskinetic? A fMRI Case Report in Parkinson Disease

What Happens When I Watch a Ballet and I Am Dyskinetic? A fMRI Case Report in Parkinson Disease

Mirror neurons and their relationship with neurodegenerative disorders

The Effects of Action Observation Therapy as a Rehabilitation Tool in Parkinson’s Disease Patients: A Systematic Review

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