Actinomyces-like organisms in cervical smears from women using intrauterine contraceptive devices.

Microbiology of vaginitis associated with the intrauterine contraceptive device

“…According to a number of reports (Duguid et a/. 1980;Hager & Majmudar 1979;Aubert et al 1980), actinomyces colonization of the female genital tract is frequently found in connection with use of inert IUCDs and the likelihood of harbouring these organisms increases with time.…”

Genital and Pelvic Actinomycosis

“…Of these, the latter two would seem to be the most likely routes. It has been suggested (Purdie et al, 1977) that the copper-containing IUCD is more prone to colonisation by actinomyceles; but a recent survey (Duguid et al, 1980) of 293 women suggested the reverse : they concluded that colonisation was more common in women with plastic devices in situ for over two years and they recommended that copper containing devices should' be more widely used because of the bacteriostatic effect of the copper.…”

Actinomyces israelii in the female genital tract: a review.

“…A recent study by Dybdhal5 utilised old fashioned morphology as the means of identification of actinomyces as used by Duguid,17 and Nayar,'0 in 1985. Such traditional methods still have their advocates.…”