“…[20,21] However,e ven with the case for developing the fundamental chemistry of these elements being hindered, both berkelium and californium have importantu ses as targets for fusion reactions that yield SHEs such as tennessine (Z = 117) and oganesson (Z = 118), and perhaps even in preparing elements that are not currently known. [22,23] In addition, while chemists often view the radioactive decay of actinides as an uisancea nd hazard, the spontaneous fission of 252 Cf (t1 = 2 = 2.6 y), and the resultant high flux of neutrons,h as led to numerous applications in portable neutron activation analysis, for whichi ti si nh igh demandi nt he petroleum and miningi ndustries. [24,25] Finally, during the Eisenhower administration substantial efforts were made to alter the course of the atomic era from one that developedh orrifying weapons of mass destruction to methods for unifying humanity,t hat is, the "Atomsf or Peace" program.…”