Actinide Production in Collisions of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">U</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts /><mml:mrow /><mml:mrow><mml:mn>238</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow /><mml:mrow /></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>with<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cm</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:m

Schädel, M.; Brüchle, W.; Gäggeler, H. W.; Kratz, Jens Volker; Sümmerer, K.; Wirth, G.; Herrmann, G.; Stakemann, R.; Tittel, G.; Trautmann, Ν.; Nitschke, J. M.; Hulet, E.K.; Lougheed, R. W.; Hahn, R.L.; Ferguson, R. L.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.48.852

Cited by 173 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Especially from theoretical side many contributions have been published in recent years concerning the creation of superheavy nuclei in transfer reactions with medium-heavy and very heavy beams [5,6], while new experimental data in the region around Z = 100 and beyond are not available. Concerning the experiments performed some decades ago only those which applied chemical methods for particle identification were able to distinguish isotopes up to Z = 101 [3,4]. These isotopes were still located within the region of nuclei which can also be [6] and measured (symbols) [3] cross-sections for transfer products from 248 Cm numerous isotopes have been observed, where the heaviest one was Z = 101, N = 157 [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isotopes in the region of superheavy nuclei with Z > 100 are usually produced in fusion-evaporation reactions applying Pb and Bi targets (cold fusion) or actinide targets (hot fusion) [1,2] Cm [3,4]. By comparing the same reaction product, fusion reactions lead usually to (10 -50) times higher yields than transfer reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concerning the experiments performed some decades ago only those which applied chemical methods for particle identification were able to distinguish isotopes up to Z = 101 [3,4]. These isotopes were still located within the region of nuclei which can also be [6] and measured (symbols) [3] cross-sections for transfer products from 248 Cm numerous isotopes have been observed, where the heaviest one was Z = 101, N = 157 [3]. These data are compared with model calculations for the same system at a centre-of-mass energy of E cm = 800 MeV (6.6×A MeV) [6] in figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transfer reaction studies in the region of heavy and superheavy nuclei at SHIP

Heinz

Comas

Hofmann

et al. 2011

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. We studied multi-nucleon transfer reactions in the region of heavy and superheavy nuclei. The goal was to investigate these reactions as possibility to create new superheavy neutron-rich isotopes, which cannot be produced in fusion reactions. The experiments have been performed at the velocity filter SHIP at GSI. At SHIP we can detect and identify the heavy, target-like, transfer products. Due to the low background at the focal plane detector and the isotope identification via radioactive decays, the setup allows to reach an upper crosssection limit of 10 pb/sr within one day of beamtime. We investigated the systems 58,64 Cm at beam energies below and up to 20% above the Coulomb barrier. At all energies we observed a massive transfer of protons and neutrons, where transfer products with up to eight neutrons more than the target nucleus could be identified.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transfer reaction studies in the region of heavy and superheavy nuclei at SHIP

Heinz

Comas

Hofmann

et al. 2011

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…These reactions were already proposed between the mid-60s and mid-70s [10,11]. However, it was only after 238 U beams with sufficiently high energy and intensity became available at the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Darmstadt, that the entire range of multi-nucleon transfer or deep-inelastic reactions up to 238 U on 238 U and 248 Cm were explored [12,13]. These reactions, their results on the synthesis of heavy actinide isotopes, the understanding of the processes leading to these products and the potential for the synthesis of new, neutron-rich isotopes will be discussed in this article.…”

Section: Nobel Symposium Ns160 -Chemistry and Physics Of Heavy And Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects of heavy and superheavy element production via inelastic nucleus-nucleus collisions – from²³⁸U+²³⁸U to¹⁸O+²⁵⁴Es

Schädel

2016

EPJ Web Conf.

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Abstract. Multi-nucleon transfer reactions, frequently termed deepinelastic, between heavy-ion projectiles and actinide targets provide prospects to synthesize unknown isotopes of heavy actinides and superheavy elements with neutron numbers beyond present limits. The 238 U on 238 U reaction, which revealed essential aspects of those nuclear reactions leading to surviving heavy nuclides, mainly produced in 3n and 4n evaporation channels, is discussed in detail. 254 Es reveal that the ones with 238 U as a projectile have the highest potential in the superheavy element region while the latter ones can be advantageous for the synthesis of heavy actinide isotopes. Concepts for highly efficient recoil separators designed for transfer products are presented.

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“…The dashed curves indicate the cross sections for the production of primary fragments. Experimental data are taken from [28] for the production of fermium isotopes in this reaction at beam energy E c.m. =862 MeV before entering the thick 248 Cm target.…”

Section: Production Of Transfermium Nucleimentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and study of new neutron rich heavy nuclei in multinucleon transfer reactions

Zagrebaev

Greiner

2013

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Problems of production and study of new neutron-enriched heavy nuclei are discussed. Lowenergy multinucleon transfer reactions are shown to be quite appropriate for this purpose. Reactions with actinide beams and targets are of special interest for synthesis of new neutron-enriched transfermium nuclei and not-yet-known nuclei with closed neutron shell N = 126 having the largest impact on the astrophysical r-process. The estimated cross sections for the production of these nuclei look very promising for planning such experiments at currently available accelerators. These experiments, however, are rather expensive and difficult to perform because of low intensities of the massive projectile beams and problems of separating and detecting the heavy reaction products. Thus, realistic predictions of the corresponding cross sections for different projectile-target combinations are definitely required. Some uncertainty still remains in the values of several parameters used for describing the low-energy nuclear dynamics. This uncertainty does not allow one to perform very accurate predictions for the productions of new heavier-than-target (trans-target) nuclei in multinucleon transfer reactions. Nevertheless these predictions are rather promising (large cross sections) to start such experiments at available accelerators if the problem of separation of heavy transfer reaction products would be solved. MotivationThe upper part of the present-day nuclear map consists mainly of proton rich nuclei, while the unexplored area of heavy neutron enriched nuclides (also those located along the neutron closed shell N = 126 to the right-hand side of the stability line) is extremely important for nuclear astrophysics investigations and, in particular, for the understanding of the r process of astrophysical nucleogenesis. For elements with Z > 100 only neutron deficient isotopes (located to the left of the stability line) have been synthesized so far. Due to the bending of the stability line toward the neutron axis, in fusion reactions only proton-rich isotopes of heavy elements can be produced. That is the main reason for the impossibility of reaching the center of the island of stability (Z ∼ 110 ÷ 120 and N ∼ 184) in the superheavy (SH) mass region by fusion reactions with stable projectiles. Because of that we also have almost no information about neutron-rich isotopes of heavy elements located in the "northeast" part of the nuclear map: for example, there are 19 known neutron-rich isotopes of cesium (Z = 55) and only 4 of platinum (Z = 78) (see Fig. 1). Thus, the whole "northeast" area of the nuclear map is still terra incognita. Production and studying properties of nuclei located in this region will open a new field of research in nuclear physics. a e-mail: zagrebaev@jinr.ru b e-mail: greiner@fias.uni-frankfurt.de There are only three methods for the production of heavy elements, namely, fusion reactions, a sequence of neutron capture and β − decay processes and multi-nucleon transfer reactions. Fusion ReactionsFusion...

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Actinide Production in Collisions ofU238withCm

Cited by 173 publications

References 9 publications

Transfer reaction studies in the region of heavy and superheavy nuclei at SHIP

Transfer reaction studies in the region of heavy and superheavy nuclei at SHIP

Prospects of heavy and superheavy element production via inelastic nucleus-nucleus collisions – from²³⁸U+²³⁸U to¹⁸O+²⁵⁴Es

Production and study of new neutron rich heavy nuclei in multinucleon transfer reactions

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Actinide Production in Collisions ofU238withCm

Cited by 173 publications

References 9 publications

Transfer reaction studies in the region of heavy and superheavy nuclei at SHIP

Transfer reaction studies in the region of heavy and superheavy nuclei at SHIP

Prospects of heavy and superheavy element production via inelastic nucleus-nucleus collisions – from238U+238U to18O+254Es

Production and study of new neutron rich heavy nuclei in multinucleon transfer reactions

Contact Info

Product

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Prospects of heavy and superheavy element production via inelastic nucleus-nucleus collisions – from²³⁸U+²³⁸U to¹⁸O+²⁵⁴Es