Actinic keratoses: The latest in therapy

Abstract

The following is a review of the pathogenesis and natural history of actinic keratoses, their progression to squamous cell carcinoma, and recent findings and insights into the mechanisms of action of chemopreventative and field therapeutic agents for actinic keratoses are highlighted. Oral nicotinamide appears to be a safe and tolerable chemopreventative agent although its effectiveness requires continued use. Tirbanibulin ointment 1% is novel in its proposed mechanism of action and requires the shortest period of treatment of currently US Food and Drug Administration-approved, topically applied field therapies for actinic keratoses.