Actin‐like protein 1 (ALP1) is a component of dynamic, high molecular weight complexes in <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>

Gordon, Jennifer L.; Buguliskis, Jeffrey S.; Buske, Paul J.; Sibley, L. David

doi:10.1002/cm.20414

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Movies of 3D volume renderings of biological data tend to be particularly impressive but require substantial computational power. Alternatively, signal changes over time can be visualized as heat maps overlaid on the other dimensions of the image 9 , on normalized reference templates or on surface models of cellular or anatomical structures. For example, functional MRI acquires many images in the span of several minutes during the application of some study paradigm.…”

Section: Treatment Of the Time Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of image data from cells to organisms

et al. 2010

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Advances in imaging techniques and high-throughput technologies are providing scientists with unprecedented possibilities to visualize internal structures of cells, organs and organisms and to collect systematic image data characterizing genes and proteins on a large scale. To make the best use of these increasingly complex and large image data resources, the scientific community must be provided with methods to query, analyze and crosslink these resources to give an intuitive visual representation of the data. This review gives an overview of existing methods and tools for this purpose and highlights some of their limitations and challenges.

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Section: Treatment Of the Time Dimensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of image data from cells to organisms

et al. 2010

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“…The first are inner membrane complex (alveolar) proteins, which are important in cell division, establishing cell shape and polarity, and motility. GAPMs (with six transmembrane regions) and ALP1 are found in apicomplexans and chrompodellids (41,42) whereas ISPs (43) and alveolins are common to all myzozoans (the latter are also present in ciliates but diversified in myzozoans). Interestingly, chromerids, colpodellids, Perkinsus, and certain dinoflagellates (3,44) are known to multiply by a process similar to apicomplexan schizogony.…”

Section: /Namentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors mediating plastid dependency and the origins of parasitism in apicomplexans and their close relatives

Janouškovec

Tikhonenkov

Burki

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

177

189

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Apicomplexans are a major lineage of parasites, including causative agents of malaria and toxoplasmosis. How such highly adapted parasites evolved from free-living ancestors is poorly understood, particularly because they contain nonphotosynthetic plastids with which they have a complex metabolic dependency. Here, we examine the origin of apicomplexan parasitism by resolving the evolutionary distribution of several key characteristics in their closest free-living relatives, photosynthetic chromerids and predatory colpodellids. Using environmental sequence data, we describe the diversity of these apicomplexan-related lineages and select five species that represent this diversity for transcriptome sequencing. Phylogenomic analysis recovered a monophyletic lineage of chromerids and colpodellids as the sister group to apicomplexans, and a complex distribution of retention versus loss for photosynthesis, plastid genomes, and plastid organelles. Reconstructing the evolution of all plastid and cytosolic metabolic pathways related to apicomplexan plastid function revealed an ancient dependency on plastid isoprenoid biosynthesis, predating the divergence of apicomplexan and dinoflagellates. Similarly, plastid genome retention is strongly linked to the retention of two genes in the plastid genome, sufB and clpC, altogether suggesting a relatively simple model for plastid retention and loss. Lastly, we examine the broader distribution of a suite of molecular characteristics previously linked to the origins of apicomplexan parasitism and find that virtually all are present in their free-living relatives. The emergence of parasitism may not be driven by acquisition of novel components, but rather by loss and modification of the existing, conserved traits.A picomplexans are globally important parasites of humans and animals that include Plasmodium (malaria), Toxoplasma (toxoplasmosis), and Cryptosporidium (cryptosporidiosis). Their success as parasites rests on several highly specialized structures and systems that enable them to gain entry to and divide within cells or tissues of their hosts. These structures include the multimembrane pellicle, a relict nonphotosynthetic plastid (absent in Cryptosporidium), and the apical complex, which is made up of cytoskeletal and secretory elements (e.g., the conoid and rhoptries, respectively). Many specific characteristics of apicomplexans make attractive drug targets, and others may have played a key role in the origin of parasitism. Indeed, the question of apicomplexan origins has been of interest in general but is challenged by a paucity of comparable information from free-living relatives. Several apicomplexan relatives are known, some photosynthetic and others predatory (1, 2), but we lack a comprehensive understanding of their biology because they have either been discovered only recently, or are difficult to establish and maintain in culture. In general, photosynthetic apicomplexan relatives are referred to as chromerids (including Chromera and Vitrella) (1, 3) whereas predators...

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“…Spatial embedding . At a basic level, users are interested in cell growth, cell movement (motility), cell shape (morphology), and cell reproduction (proliferation) as captured by phenotypes visible in the acquired images [GME03, GBBS09, HLLK09, PM07]. Further objectives include understanding the influence of cell positions and migration, that is, their impact on cell fate, tissue formation, organs, and organisms [CBI*08, FHWL12].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Visualization for Live Cell Imaging

Pretorius

Khan

Errington

2016

Computer Graphics Forum

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Live cell imaging is an important biomedical research paradigm for studying dynamic cellular behaviour. Although phenotypic data derived from images are difficult to explore and analyse, some researchers have successfully addressed this with visualization. Nonetheless, visualization methods for live cell imaging data have been reported in an ad hoc and fragmented fashion. This leads to a knowledge gap where it is difficult for biologists and visualization developers to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of different visualization methods, and for visualization researchers to gain an overview of existing work to identify research priorities. To address this gap, we survey existing visualization methods for live cell imaging from a visualization research perspective for the first time. Based on recent visualization theory, we perform a structured qualitative analysis of visualization methods that includes characterizing the domain and data, abstracting tasks, and describing visual encoding and interactiondesign. Based on our survey, we identify and discuss research gaps that future work should address: the broad analytical context of live cell imaging; the importance of behavioural comparisons; links with dynamic data visualization; the consequences of different data modalities; shortcomings in interactive support; and, in addition to analysis, the value of the presentation of phenotypic data and insights to other stakeholders.

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Actin‐like protein 1 (ALP1) is a component of dynamic, high molecular weight complexes in Toxoplasma gondii

Cited by 13 publications

References 32 publications

Visualization of image data from cells to organisms

Visualization of image data from cells to organisms

Factors mediating plastid dependency and the origins of parasitism in apicomplexans and their close relatives

A Survey of Visualization for Live Cell Imaging

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