Actin: A Dynamic Framework for Multiple Plant Cell Functions

Chaffey, N; Barlow, PW

doi:10.1007/978-94-015-9460-8

Cited by 95 publications

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“…The actin cytoskeleton plays important roles in almost all cellular processes (Staiger et al, 2000; Blanchoin et al, 2010). Mutations in actin cause a range of malformed morphologies due to specific molecular changes that often disturb cytoskeleton functions (Feng and Marston, 2009; Kato et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The actin cytoskeleton is a fundamental and dynamic network in eukaryotic cells. It is not only involved in the maintenance of cell shape and structure, but also regulates a tremendous range of cellular processes, including cytoplasmic streaming, organelle movement, cell expansion, cell wall deposition and responses to internal and external signals (Staiger et al, 2000; Hussey et al, 2006). Actin exists in cells in a dynamic equilibrium between two principal forms: globular monomeric actin (G-actin) and filamentous polymeric actin (F-actin).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A sophisticated regulatory system, represented by a plethora of actin binding proteins (ABPs), has developed to modulate actin dynamics, including assembly and disassembly of F-actins, and also their organization into higher-order networks (Blanchoin et al, 2010). The highly dynamic and widely distributed actin cytoskeleton allows prompt responses of the cell to signals arising from developmental and environmental stimuli, ensuring the precise regulation of cell development (Staiger et al, 2000; Blanchoin et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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G65V Substitution in Actin Disturbs Polymerization Leading to Inhibited Cell Elongation in Cotton

et al. 2019

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The importance of the actin cytoskeleton for proper cell development has been well established in a variety of organisms. Actin protein sequences are highly conserved, and each amino acid residue may be essential for its function. In this study, we report the isolation and characterization of GhLi 1 from an upland cotton mutant Ligon lintless-1 (Li1), which harbors the G65V substitution in its encoded actin protein. Li1 mutants exhibit pleiotropic malformed phenotypes, including dwarf plants, distorted organs, and extremely shortened fibers. Cytological analysis showed that the actin cytoskeleton was disorganized and the abundance of F-actin was decreased in the Li1 cells. Vesicles were aggregated into patches, and excessive cellulose synthase complexes were inserted into the plasma membrane during the secondary cell wall biosynthesis stage, which dramatically affected the morphology of the Li1 cells. Molecular model prediction suggested that the G65V substitution may affect the three-bodied G-actin interaction during F-actin assembly. Biochemical assays demonstrated that the recombinant GhLi1 protein disturbs actin dynamics by inhibiting the nucleation and elongation processes. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that the G65V substitution in actin had dominant-negative effects on cell elongation, by disturbing actin polymerization and actin cytoskeleton-based biological processes such as intracellular transportation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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G65V Substitution in Actin Disturbs Polymerization Leading to Inhibited Cell Elongation in Cotton

et al. 2019

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Plant Actin Biology

Deeks

Hussey

2009

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Actin is a major component of the plant cytoskeleton. Filamentous actin (F‐actin) contributes to the maintenance of the internal architecture of the cell, drives cytoplasmic streaming (the movement of components around the cytosol) and contributes to the process of cell division. The biochemistry of plant actin has many similarities to that of yeast and animals, but has developed its own strategies and molecular machinery to organize actin filaments. F‐actin provides tracks for myosin molecular motors to transport organelles at high velocities and actin is required for specific stages of vesicle trafficking that underpin cell growth and development. The means by which plant cells control the nucleation of new actin filaments from G‐actin have diverged considerably from yeast and metazoans. The unique aspects of the plant actin cytoskeleton are likely to have arisen from a combination of the environmental challenges to a sessile multicellular existence and a complex evolutionary history. Key concepts The basic principles of actin biochemistry applicable to animals, fungi and protists are conserved in plants but there are a number of specific modifications as plants do not possess the full complement of animal actin‐binding proteins. Actin filaments in plants have to fulfil unique functions. Actin focuses on the expansion of tip growing cells, maintains cytoarchitecture and responds to the environment (e.g. polarizing in response to pathogen stimulation). During cell division actin filaments participate in all major plant‐specific arrays. A stationary cell is NOT a physically inactive cell. Actin cables are exploited for organelle transport. Actin‐based transport tends to dominate over microtubule‐based movement. Plants utilize the fastest known type V myosin (known in plants as type XI) within the eukaryote kingdom. Polymerization dynamics are thought to add to trafficking capabilities as low levels of antiactin drugs disrupt vesicle delivery and fusion during cell growth yet preserve myosin‐mediated transport. New proteins and new domain combinations have become established in plants to regulate the actin cytoskeleton in accordance with the unusual demands placed on them. Importantly, these radical adaptations should not be considered purely in terms of a response to a sedentary way of life as the fungal kingdom has achieved such a conversion using arguably less radical cytoskeletal solutions. Consequently the impact of other unique facets of plant evolutionary history and niches must be considered.

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Plant Actin Biology

Deeks

Hussey

2016

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Actin is a major component of the plant cytoskeleton. Filamentous actin (F‐actin) contributes to the maintenance of the internal architecture of the cell, drives cytoplasmic streaming (the movement of components around the cytosol) and contributes to the process of cell division. The biochemistry of plant actin has many similarities to that of yeast and animals, but has developed its own strategies and molecular machinery to organise actin filaments. F‐actin provides tracks for myosin molecular motors to transport organelles at high velocities, and actin is required for specific stages of vesicle trafficking that underpin cell growth and development. The means by which plant cells control the nucleation of new actin filaments from G‐actin have diverged considerably from yeast and metazoans. The unique aspects of the plant actin cytoskeleton are likely to have arisen from a combination of the environmental challenges to a sessile multicellular existence and an ancient diversification from the ancestors of the Opisthokonta and Amoebozoa model organisms from which the majority of eukaryote cytoskeletal paradigms have been established. Key Concepts The basic principles of actin biochemistry applicable to animals, fungi and protists are conserved in plants but there are a number of specific modifications as plants do not possess the full complement of animal actin‐binding proteins. Actin filaments in plants have to fulfil unique functions. Actin focuses on the expansion of tip growing cells, maintains cytoarchitecture and responds to the environment (e.g. polarising in response to pathogen stimulation). During cell division actin filaments participate in all major plant‐specific arrays. A stationary cell is NOT a physically inactive cell. Actin cables are exploited for organelle transport. Actin‐based transport tends to dominate over microtubule‐based movement. Plants utilise the fastest known type V myosin (known in plants as type XI) within the eukaryote kingdom. Polymerisation dynamics are thought to add to trafficking capabilities as low levels of antiactin drugs disrupt vesicle delivery and fusion during cell growth yet preserve myosin‐mediated transport. Plant‐specific proteins and novel domain combinations have become established in plants to regulate the actin cytoskeleton in accordance with the demands of sessile multicellular photosynthetic autotrophy. These cytoskeletal adaptations to sedentary life within a cell wall are distinct from fungi, possibly reflecting the ancient diversification between the opisthokonts and plants.

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Actin: A Dynamic Framework for Multiple Plant Cell Functions

Cited by 95 publications

References 0 publications

G65V Substitution in Actin Disturbs Polymerization Leading to Inhibited Cell Elongation in Cotton

G65V Substitution in Actin Disturbs Polymerization Leading to Inhibited Cell Elongation in Cotton

Plant Actin Biology

Plant Actin Biology

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