ACTH-induced excessive grooming in the rat

Gispen, Willem Hendrik; Isaacson, Robert L.

doi:10.1016/0163-7258(81)90081-4

Cited by 293 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…2 demonstrates how the structure of ACTH-induced excessive grooming is visualized. As is already suggested by Gispen and Isaacson [8], the structure of the grooming bout itself is not changed by ACTH and the number of bouts is also similar. The duration of the bouts, however, increased: because of the resumption of the grooming bout before its termination.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Behavioral sequences as an easily quantifiable parameter in experimental studies

Spruijt

Gispen

1984

Physiology & Behavior

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SPRUIJT, B. M. AND W. H. GISPEN. Behavioral sequences as an easily quantifiable parameter in experimental studies.PHYSlOL BEHAV 32(5) [707][708][709][710] 1984.--In behavioral pharmacology frequencies and/or durations of postures are used as easily quantifiable parameters. However, significant information is also contained in the sequential order of the different behavioral elements; structural changes in behavior are not necessarily reflected in the totals of durations and frequencies. Furthermore, observed changes in these parameters might be better understood if the change in structure is known. Presently, parameters for sequences are barely used, probably because they require larger groups of animals and more sophisticated computer programs. In this paper a procedure, using a simple set of computer programs (see Appendices), is demonstrated for transformation of behavioral sequences into transition matrices, including a procedure for creating the minimal number of transitions required for further statistical analysis. Behavioral analysis Sequences Computer programsIN psychopharmacological studies, quantitative assessment of the structure of animal behavior has been restricted because the observation, as well as the analysis, of the parameters are time consuming and therefore difficult to adapt to experimental designs in which demonstration of differences in behavior as a result of experimental manipulation is the main purpose. However, current techniques for recording animal behavior using a microprocessor can be used for registering behavioral sequences. In addition, changes in frequencies might be better understood if one knows which transitions are affected by the experimental manipulation. The present communication outlines a procedure which demonstrates how sequential events can be recorded and how flexibility in further processing of these data is retained, since all raw data remain available. The proposed procedure was applied in a short experiment in order to reveal the structure of the well known ACTH-induced excessive grooming. METHODRegistration of sequences of behavior requires continuous observation of every animal. In our laboratory a special room with reversed day-night cycle is used. A closed television-circuit allows observation from another room. HardwareThe computer used is an Apple-II Plus, with 48K of RAM. The system includes a clock card, two disk drives and a printer. Any comparable system might be used. SoftwareThe programs, listed here, avoid the use of special Apple commands as much as possible to improve compatibility with other types of BASIC. Processing has been divided in several sections (see Fig. l): I. Registration of animal behavior, II. transformation into a transition matrix of every individual session, III. addition of matrices of the different sessions, IV. calculation of adjusted residuals of final matrix per group.1. The program for registration can be used for simultaneous observation of two animals. The program asks for the number of defined behavioral elements and a...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Behavioral sequences as an easily quantifiable parameter in experimental studies

Spruijt

Gispen

1984

Physiology & Behavior

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“…It is unlikely that efferent signals driving grooming (Gispen & Isaacson, 1981) were transmitted to the salivary glands because: (1) we observed that secretion always lagged several seconds behind the appearance of grooming, and (2) local heat stimulation of the posterior hypothalamic regions, which elicits grooming behaviour (Roberts & Mooney, 1974;Tanaka et al 1986), never produced salivary secretion (Kanosue et al 1990). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Salivary secretion and grooming behaviour during heat exposure in freely moving rats.

Yanase

Kanosue

Yasuda

et al. 1991

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. At neutral (24°C) and at hot (40°C) ambient temperatures (TR) salivary secretion from the submandibular gland of freely moving rats was recorded, together with simultaneous observation of saliva-spreading behaviour (grooming).2. At a Ta of 24°C, basal salivary flow was less than 2 /tl/min. When rats were first placed in the experimental chamber, brief grooming bouts often occurred. Transient secretion at more than 10 ,l/min was associated with this grooming, and the rate of salivary flow was positively correlated with the duration of grooming activity.3. At a Ta of 40°C, grooming appeared frequently and salivary secretion at more than 20 u1/min continued even between grooming bouts. Threshold rectal temperatures (Tre) for thermally induced grooming (38-2 + 0-2°C) and for salivary secretion (38-2 + 01°C) were similar, and for eleven of sixteen rats the two thresholds coincided.4. At the threshold Tle both the rate of salivary secretion and the duration of grooming increased in a stepwise fashion. Above the threshold, there was no correlation between the duration of grooming and the rate of salivary flow.5. Thermally induced salivary secretion and grooming behaviour appear to be controlled by independent mechanisms.

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“…ACTH induces excessive grooming in which the various grooming elements are more or less equally involved (Gispen and Isaacson, 1981;Spruijt and Gispen, 1983;Van Wimersma Greidanus et al, 1985a;in press) whereas the excessive grooming induced by bombesin is completely different, with excessive scratching as the most pronounced element (Van Wimersma Greidanus et al, 1985a,b;Spruijt et al, 1986b). fl-Endorphin-induced excessive grooming is also characterized by a predominant display of scratching (Aloyo et al, 1983;Spruijt et al, 1986a;Van Wimersma Greidanus et al, in press).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excessive grooming induced by somatostatin or its analog SMS 201-995

Greidanus

Maigret

Krechting

1987

European Journal of Pharmacology

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Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of somatostatin or SMS 201-995 induces excessive grooming behavior in rats. The grooming inducing effect of somatostatin is rather weak, as doses of 300 ng or less did not result in increased total grooming scores. In contrast a dose of 10 ng SMS 201-995 already significantly increased the total grooming scores. However, doses of 100 ng and more did not further increase the total grooming scores reached with a 50 ng dose of this peptide. Systemic administration of SMS 201-995 in doses up to 900 ~tg did not result in excessive grooming behavior. Fhe patterns of excessive grooming induced by i.c.v. SMS 201-995 and somatostatin were characterized by a predominant display of scratching. Since peptide-induced scratching is mainly due to activation of opiate receptor systems it is suggested that opiate receptors are involved in the behavioral response to SMS 201-995 and somatostatin administration. This suggestion is further supported by the suppressive effect of naloxone on excessive grooming induced by these peptides. Haloperidol and neurotensin also suppress the excessive grooming induced by somatostatin but not that induced by SMS 201-995. Finally, tolerance developed to the grooming-inducing effect of SMS 201-995 and somatostatin. In addition there was cross tolerance between somatostatin and SMS 201-995.Somatostatin; SMS 201-995; Grooming behavior

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ACTH-induced excessive grooming in the rat

Cited by 293 publications

References 112 publications

Behavioral sequences as an easily quantifiable parameter in experimental studies

Behavioral sequences as an easily quantifiable parameter in experimental studies

Salivary secretion and grooming behaviour during heat exposure in freely moving rats.

Excessive grooming induced by somatostatin or its analog SMS 201-995

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