“…This technique has been employed successfully to alleviate test performance deficits attributable to long retention intervals (Campbell & Jaynes, 1966;Spear & Parsons, 1976), proactive interference , retroactive interference , amnestic agents (DeVietti & Hopfer, 1974;Hinderliter, Webster, & Riccio, 1975), the Kamin effect (Klein & Spear, 1970), and extinction (Homzie, 1974;Rescorla & Heth, 1975). The variety of treatments utilized has included (a) electric shocks (Rescorla & Heth, 1975;Spear & Parsons, 1976); (b) food reinforcement (Miller, Ott, Berk, & Springer, 1974); (c) contextual stimuli (Spear, Smith, Bryan, Gordon, & Chiszar, 1980;Spear, Smith, Sherr, & Bryan, 1979); (d) discriminative stimuli (Campbell & Randall, 1976;; (e) escape responses (Spear, Gordon, & Martin, 1973); (f) the opportunity to traverse an alleyway (Homzie, 1974); (g) conditioned stimuli (Gordon, Smith, & Katz, 1979); (h) exposure to apparatus cues Mactutus, Riccio, & Ferek, 1979); and (i) exogenous hormones (Riccio & Concannon, 1981).…”