ACTH Action on StAR Biology

Clark, Barbara J.

doi:10.3389/fnins.2016.00547

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…2008). These observations, and the localization of STAR at the outer mitochondrial membrane, suggest a critical role for STAR in cholesterol translocation (Clark 2016, Stocco et al . 2017).…”

Section: Effects Of Aging On Steroidogenesismentioning

confidence: 98%

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Steroidogenesis in Leydig cells: effects of aging and environmental factors

Wang¹,

Chen²,

Ye³

et al. 2017

Reproduction

190

110

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Serum testosterone (TS) levels decrease with aging in both humans and rodents. Using the rat as a model system, it was found that age-related reductions in serum TS were not due to loss of Leydig cells, but rather to the reduced ability of the Leydig cells to produce TS in response to luteinizing hormone (LH). Detailed analyses of the steroidogenic pathway have suggested that two defects along the pathway, LH-stimulated cAMP production and cholesterol transport to and into the mitochondria, are of particular importance in age-related reductions in TS production. Although the mechanisms involved in these defects are far from certain, increasing oxidative stress appears to play a particularly important role. Interestingly, increased oxidative stress also appears to be involved in the suppressive effects of endocrine disruptors on Leydig cell TS production.Reproduction (2017) 154 R111-R122

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Section: Effects Of Aging On Steroidogenesismentioning

confidence: 98%

“…STAR, for one, plays a significant role in steroidogenesis (Kallen et al . 1998, Clark 2016). When Leydig cells are stimulated by LH, STAR levels increase rapidly (Clark et al .…”

Section: Effects Of Aging On Steroidogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Steroidogenesis in Leydig cells: effects of aging and environmental factors

Wang¹,

Chen²,

Ye³

et al. 2017

Reproduction

190

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…2. The first step in steroidogenesis is the import of cholesterol through the mitochondrial membranes by the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein StAR (Clark, 2016). StAR is activated by a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent phosphorylation event induced by ACTH signaling, and is a rate-limiting step in steroid synthesis (Bose et al, 2002).…”

Section: Mitochondria Synthesize and Metabolize Glucocorticoids Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

An energetic view of stress: Focus on mitochondria

Picard

McEwen

Epel

et al. 2018

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

389

309

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Energy is required to sustain life and enable stress adaptation. At the cellular level, energy is largely derived from mitochondria – unique multifunctional organelles with their own genome. Four main elements connect mitochondria to stress: (1) Energy is required at the molecular, (epi)genetic, cellular, organellar, and systemic levels to sustain components of stress responses; (2) Glucocorticoids and other steroid hormones are produced and metabolized by mitochondria; (3) Reciprocally, mitochondria respond to neuroendocrine and metabolic stress mediators; and (4) Experimentally manipulating mitochondrial functions alters physiological and behavioral responses to psychological stress. Thus, mitochondria are endocrine organelles that provide both the energy and signals that enable and direct stress adaptation. Neural circuits regulating social behavior – as well as psychopathological processes – are also influenced by mitochondrial energetics. An integrative view of stress as an energy-driven process opens new opportunities to study mechanisms of adaptation and regulation across the lifespan.

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“…The production of cortisol and androgen in humans (corticosterone in mice) by adrenocortical steroidogenic cells is governed by the HPA axis. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland stimulates cortisol production from the adrenal zF by activating cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signaling [ 44 , 45 ]. The complex of melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R) and its accessory protein (MRAP) on the surface of adrenocortical cells plays an essential role in mediating the action of pituitary ACTH and subsequent steroidogenesis [ 46 , 47 ].…”

Section: Regulatory Factors Involved In the Development And Renewal Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Embryonic Development and Adult Regeneration of the Adrenal Gland

Kim¹,

Choi²

2020

Endocrinol Metab

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The adrenal gland plays a pivotal role in an organism’s health span by controlling the endocrine system. Decades of research on the adrenal gland have provided multiscale insights into the development and maintenance of this essential organ. A particularly interesting finding is that founder stem/progenitor cells participate in adrenocortical development and enable the adult adrenal cortex to regenerate itself in response to hormonal stress and injury. Since major advances have been made in understanding the dynamics of the developmental process and the remarkable regenerative capacity of the adrenal gland, understanding the mechanisms underlying adrenal development, maintenance, and regeneration will be of interest to basic and clinical researchers. Here, we introduce the developmental processes of the adrenal gland and discuss current knowledge regarding stem/progenitor cells that regulate adrenal cortex remodeling and regeneration. This review will provide insights into the fascinating ongoing research on the development and regeneration of the adrenal cortex.

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ACTH Action on StAR Biology

Cited by 23 publications

References 82 publications

Steroidogenesis in Leydig cells: effects of aging and environmental factors

Steroidogenesis in Leydig cells: effects of aging and environmental factors

An energetic view of stress: Focus on mitochondria

Embryonic Development and Adult Regeneration of the Adrenal Gland

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