Acrylic Polymers as Rheology Modifiers for Water‐based Systems

Hawe, Malcolm

doi:10.1002/9780470988701.ch3

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The pigment distibution within the layer here is suggested to be the result from the forming of a layered structure under the knife during fabric coating. 22 Assuming that the layers consist of polymers and platelets (oriented into the shear direction) with a continuous liquid phase, when the shearing stops, the viscosity of the wet layer instantly increases. This may to some extent prevent the pigment platelets from compacting or sedimenting down to the bottom of the coating layer and instead stabilize them in the distributed way seen in Figure 4(f).…”

Section: Influence Of Coating Parameters On the Surface Structure Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Liquid dispersion polymers (LDPs) containing acrylic polymers are widely used as a RM for waterborne coatings within the textile printing industry. 22 In the case of LDPs containing, for example, anionic sodium polyacrylate, the binding of water (hydration) around the anionic carboxylic groups in the main chain makes the polymer particle swell. As such, it takes up a larger volume and leaves less free space for other ingredients in the formulation (binder polymers and pigments) to move freely; consequently, the viscosity increases.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…24 There are essentially two types of associative thickeners, hydrophobically modified ethoxylated polyurethanes (HEURs) and hydrophobically modified alkali swellable emulsions (HASEs). 22,24,25 Both types may interact with the polymers and the pigments when added to a formulation, 24,26 thus possibly contributing to a homogeneous distribution of the EPs. HEURs are linear triblocks, generally composed of a main chain containing urethane and ethylene oxide (EO) groups with terminal hydrophobic groups.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Influence of rheology modifiers and coating parameters on the color-changing effects of textile coatings with multi-layered mica pigments

Malm

Walkenström²

2014

Textile Research Journal

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In order to optimize the color-changing effects of textile knife-coatings containing multi-layered mica pigments (effect pigments; EPs), the properties and structure of the coating formulation/layer during and after application were investigated. Three pigment coating formulations were prepared by first mixing the EP dispersion into a water-based polyurethane binder. Different types of rheology modifiers (RMs), liquid dispersion of sodium polyacrylates (LDPSAP), hydrophobically alkali swellable emulsions (HASEs) and hydrophobically modified ethoxylated polyurethane, were then added to the dispersion. The rheological behavior of the coating formulations was characterized in terms of the shear rate dependence of the viscosity. The formulations were applied onto the same type of textile substrate using a knifecoating technique. The choice of RM as well as variations in gap height and coating speed increased the solids deposit. The increased amount of coating deposits (thicker coating layers) corresponded to more and better dispersed EPs within the coated layer as well as more horizontally oriented platelets as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Multiangle spectrophotometer measurements showed that the CIE L*a*b* color coordinates varied strongly depending on detection angle. The variations of the absolute values of L* and a* were more pronounced between -15 and 15 detection angles, corresponding to angles with the greatest visual color changes. The slowly coated samples with higher solids deposit were measured to be lighter and of higher chroma compared to samples coated at a higher speed. Generally, the color-changing effects were governed by the choice of RM and coating parameters in terms of variations of the amount of coating deposited onto the samples.Textiles with new or improved eye-catching and optical functions are constantly under development and are a hot topic among researchers and designers. 1-7 Multilayered mica pigments 8,9 are a type of effect pigment (EP) that provide angle-dependent optical effects in the form of color changes (flip-flop or color travelling effects). These types of EPs have a promising future for functional purposes, aesthetic eye-catching applications and product authentication.For optimal performance, the EP platelets should be aligned parallel to the surface of a flat substrate. Within the automotive and paper industries, 10 published papers and commercial reports therefore tend to focus on the application of EPs on flat substrates. Few publications deal with the application of EPs on textile fabrics. Weitzel 11 presented the use of EPs in the printing ink industry, briefly describing the screen printing method for textile application. However, recent work 5 has shown that small amounts of EPs as a filler in a

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Section: Influence Of Coating Parameters On the Surface Structure Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of rheology modifiers and coating parameters on the color-changing effects of textile coatings with multi-layered mica pigments

Malm

Walkenström²

2014

Textile Research Journal

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Preparation of highly concentrated inverse emulsions of acrylamide‐based anionic copolymers as efficient water rheological modifiers

Barajas

Carrillo²,

Alvarado

2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Highly concentrated inverse anionic polymeric emulsions (with a solid content of up to 63 wt %) were prepared using a two-step methodology: (i) First, acrylamide, acrylic acid, and its ammonium salts crosslinked copolymers were obtained by inverse emulsion polymerization, (ii) The water/volatile oil mixture was then separated from the heterogeneous system by vacuum distillation. To maintain sufficient stability during the reaction and distillation processes, a ternary surfactant mixture was used. A surface response methodology was employed to obtain the optimal values of the factors involved in both process and product specifications, and to maximize the high performance of these inverse anionic polymer emulsions. This yielded a product containing up to 63.2 wt % solids capable of achieving Brookfield viscosities as high as 40.3 PaÁs, using an aliquote of these concentrated inverse polymer emulsions (1.8 wt % in deionized water). Rheological characterization (oscillatory and rotational measurements) was carried out to evaluate the behavior of the diluted inverse anionic polymer emulsion in water thickening. The methodology developed can be used to formulate a wide range of viscoelastic (G 00 /G 0 ) water-based products from anionic water soluble polymers.

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Preparation, rheology, and film properties of polyacrylate latex using amphiphilic macroreversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer agents as surfactants

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) radical emulsion polymerization of n‐butyl acrylate (nBA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) was successfully performed in the presence of the amphiphilic macro‐RAFT agents poly(acrylic acid‐b‐styrene) (PAA‐PSt) trithiocarbonate. First, the amphiphilic macro‐RAFT agents PAA‐PSt were prepared and their surface activities in aqueous solutions were studied. Subsequently, the effects of pH values of the latexes and degree of polymerization (DP) of the PAA hydrophilic segments in the amphiphilic macro‐RAFT agents on the latex particle size and molecular weight of the polyacrylate products, as well as the rheological properties of the latexes, surface morphology, and water resistance of the latex films were investigated in detail. It was found that the rheological behaviors of the as‐prepared latexes can be tuned by adjusting solid content, temperature, pH value, and DP of the hydrophilic segments, respectively, due to their effects on particle packing, hydrophobic association, hydration layer, and hydrodynamics volume. In addition, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was applied to investigate the surface morphology, and the results demonstrated that the surface phase separation and roughness of the latex films changed with the latex pH values and DP of the hydrophilic segments. Finally, the films with good water resistance were obtained by directly casting the as‐prepared polyacrylate latexes at room temperature. Our study indicated that employing amphiphilic macro‐RAFT agents to prepare polyacrylate latexes with well‐defined chemical compositions and structures is a facile and environmentally friendly strategy, which would have wide potential application in coatings, inks, adhesives and thickening agents, and so on. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47463.

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Acrylic Polymers as Rheology Modifiers for Water‐based Systems

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Influence of rheology modifiers and coating parameters on the color-changing effects of textile coatings with multi-layered mica pigments

Influence of rheology modifiers and coating parameters on the color-changing effects of textile coatings with multi-layered mica pigments

Preparation of highly concentrated inverse emulsions of acrylamide‐based anionic copolymers as efficient water rheological modifiers

Preparation, rheology, and film properties of polyacrylate latex using amphiphilic macroreversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer agents as surfactants

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