Acrylic Acid and Derivatives

Abstract

Acrylic acid (propenoic acid) is prepared using acrolein from the catalytic oxidation of propylene. Acrylates are primarily used to prepare emulsion and solution polymers. The emulsion polymerization process provides high yields of polymers in a form suitable for a variety of applications. Acrylic acid is used in the form of esters. A large amount (80–85%) of raw materials is used in the manufacture of superabsorbent poly(acrylic acid) and its salts are also used in detergents, water treatment, and dispersants. Solution polymers of acrylates are employed in the preparation of industrial coatings. The polymeric products share qualities of high resistance to chemical and environmental attack and attractive strength properties. Acrylic acid and its esters react readily with electrophilic, free‐radical, and nucleophilic agents.

Self-assembly and influence of the organic counterion in the ternary systems dodecylamine/acrylic acid/water and dodecylamine/methacrylic acid/water

“…In the absence of aggregation, the pK a of the alkylammonium ions (with a chloride as a counterion) is equal to 10.64 ± 0.1, and is independent of the amine concentration or the alkyl chain length [67][68][69]. Furthermore, the pK a 's of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are 4.26 and 4.66, respectively [70]. In diluted solutions, one can assume that the activity of water is equal to 1, and that the solutions are ideal (cf.…”

What is the enthalpy of formation of acrylic acid?

“…Historically, the polymerizable monomer has been manufactured by the hydrolysis of ethylene cyanohydrin (b-hydroxypropionitrile), by a Reppe process involving carbon monoxide addition to acetylene, by the reaction of formaldehyde with ketene, and by the hydrolysis of acrylonitrile. Today, acrylic acid is produced commercially by gas phase oxidation of propylene over heterogeneous catalysts [1]. Acrylic acid is used [2] in the production of superabsorbent polymers, detergents, and water treatments.…”

“…Today, acrylic acid is produced commercially by gas phase oxidation of propylene over heterogeneous catalysts [1]. Acrylic acid is used [2] in the production of superabsorbent polymers, detergents, and water treatments. The various esters of acrylic acid are converted into acrylic polymers and copolymers that are used in a wide variety of products including architectural and industrial paints, coatings, floor polishes, adhesives, caulks, sealants, plastics additives, and dispersants.…”

“…Today, acrylic acid is produced commercially by gas phase oxidation of propylene over heterogeneous catalysts [1]. Acrylic acid is used [2] in the production of superabsorbent polymers, detergents, and water treatments.…”

Dehydration of Lactic Acid: The State of The Art

“…Acrylic acid, prepared for the first time by the oxidation of acrolein in 1843 , is a very important intermediate that is involved in the synthesis of many polymers, paints, absorbents, detergents, adhesives, coatings, etc. There are two main industrial processes for the production of acrylic acid based on two intermediates derived from petrochemicals: acetylene and propene , . However, the acetylene‐based process was quickly abandoned in favor of the propene‐based one since that is more cost‐effective and easier to implement .…”