Acrylic Acid and Derivatives

Abstract

Physical Properties Reactions Specialty Acrylic Esters Health and Safety Factors

Dehydration of Lactic Acid: The State of The Art

“…Initially developed as a one‐step, then two‐step process, it is still the most used method in the industry. Propene, relatively inexpensive, is oxidized in one or two steps via acrolein (Scheme ).…”

“…Over the years, catalysts have been modified with the addition of many elements such as iron, nickel, bismuth, copper, tellurium, and arsenic. These additives activate the reaction at lower temperatures and increase productivity . Many catalysts have been patented among others by Celanese , Nippon Kayaku , BASF , Nippon Shokubai , etc.…”

“…Nowadays, the two‐step process has supplanted all the others and is the principal means of production of acrylic acid (Fig. ) .…”

“…Acrylic acid, prepared for the first time by the oxidation of acrolein in 1843 , is a very important intermediate that is involved in the synthesis of many polymers, paints, absorbents, detergents, adhesives, coatings, etc. There are two main industrial processes for the production of acrylic acid based on two intermediates derived from petrochemicals: acetylene and propene , . However, the acetylene‐based process was quickly abandoned in favor of the propene‐based one since that is more cost‐effective and easier to implement .…”

“…There are two main industrial processes for the production of acrylic acid based on two intermediates derived from petrochemicals: acetylene and propene , . However, the acetylene‐based process was quickly abandoned in favor of the propene‐based one since that is more cost‐effective and easier to implement . On the other hand, the production of propene is very volatile and is constantly on the rise: in 15 years, the price per ton has tripled .…”