Acquisition process of typing skill using hierarchical materials in the Japanese language

Abstract

In the present study, using a new keyboard layout with only eight keys, we conducted typing training for unskilled typists. In this task, Japanese college students received training in typing words consisting of a pair of hiragana characters with four keystrokes, using the alphabetic input method, while keeping the association between the keys and typists’ finger movements; the task was constructed so that chunking was readily available. We manipulated the association between the hiragana characters and alphabet letters (hierarchical materials: overlapped and nonoverlapped mappings). Our alphabet letter materials corresponded to the regular order within each hiragana word (within the four letters, the first and third referred to consonants, and the second and fourth referred to vowels). Only the interkeystroke intervals involved in the initiation of typing vowel letters showed an overlapping effect, which revealed that the effect was markedly large only during the early period of skill development (the effect for the overlapped mapping being larger than that for the nonoverlapped mapping), but that it had diminished by the time of late training. Conversely, the response time and the third interkeystroke interval, which are both involved in the latency of typing a consonant letter, did not reveal an overlapped effect, suggesting that chunking might be useful with hiragana characters rather than hiragana words. These results are discussed in terms of the fan effect and skill acquisition. Furthermore, we discuss whether there is a need for further research on unskilled and skilled Japanese typists.

Pushing typists back on the learning curve: Memory chunking in the hierarchical control of skilled typewriting.

“…Previous studies have provided evidence for the development of chunks in action sequences after extended practice in telegraphic encoding and decoding (Bryan & Harter, 1899) and novel keying sequences (Verwey, 1996). More recent studies demonstrated the development of chunks in skilled typewriting at the level of keystrokes (Ashitaka & Shimada, 2014; 7 MEMORY CHUNKING IN TYPEWRITING Yamaguchi & Logan, 2014a). The present study focused specifically on memory chunks in skilled typewriting.…”