Acquisition of Imitative Speech by Schizophrenic Children

Lövaas, O. Ivar; Berberich, John P.; Perloff, Bernard F.; Schaeffer, Benson

doi:10.1126/science.151.3711.705

Cited by 380 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…During the 1960s and 70s, the study of operant learning treatment approaches for autism increased (Hingtgen et al 1967 ; Leff 1968 ; Lovaas et al 1974 ; Mazuryk et al 1978 ). Early work in this area demonstrated the effectiveness of operant methodology to teach a variety of skills: language (Lovaas et al 1966 ; Risley and Wolf 1967 ), social (Odom and Strain 1986 ; Ragland et al 1978 ; Strain et al 1979 ), play (Lewis and Boucher 1988 ; Lifter et al 1993 ; Stahmer 1995 ), self-help (Ayllon and Azrin 1968 ; Baker 1984 ), and academic skills (McGee and McCoy 1981 ) as well as to reduce the occurrence of “interfering” or challenging behaviors (Carr and Durand 1985 ; Schreibman and Carr 1978 ). Even during these early years, parents were taught how to use strategies based on these principles of learning to improve their children’s behavior at home (Berkowitz and Graziano 1972 ).…”

Section: Historical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions: Empirically Validated Treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Schreibman

Dawson

Stahmer

et al. 2015

J Autism Dev Disord

949

803

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Earlier autism diagnosis, the importance of early intervention, and development of specific interventions for young children have contributed to the emergence of similar, empirically supported, autism interventions that represent the merging of applied behavioral and developmental sciences. “Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBI)” are implemented in natural settings, involve shared control between child and therapist, utilize natural contingencies, and use a variety of behavioral strategies to teach developmentally appropriate and prerequisite skills. We describe the development of NDBIs, their theoretical bases, empirical support, requisite characteristics, common features, and suggest future research needs. We wish to bring parsimony to a field that includes interventions with different names but common features thus improving understanding and choice-making among families, service providers and referring agencies.

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Section: Historical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions: Empirically Validated Treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Schreibman

Dawson

Stahmer

et al. 2015

J Autism Dev Disord

949

803

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…suggested that this type of restricted responding could severely impair learning, and critically interfere with language acquisition. Indeed, research demonstrates that deficits in language and communication skills could be caused, in part, by over-selectivity to either the auditory or visual components of language (e.g., BirnieSelwyn and Guerin 1997;Koegel et al 1979;Lovaas et al 1966). Similarly, understanding social interactions involves attending to, and interpreting, a large array of complex stimuli, such as body posture, lip movements, facial expressions, voice intonation, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Extinction of Over-selected Stimuli Causes Emergence of Under-selected Cues in Higher-functioning Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Reed

Broomfield

McHugh

et al. 2008

J Autism Dev Disord

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Two experiments examined whether over-selectivity is the product of a post-acquisition performance deficit, rather than an attention problem. In both experiments, children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder were presented with a trial-and-error discrimination task using two, two-element stimuli and over-selected in both studies. After behavioral control by the previously over-selected stimulus was extinguished, behavioral control by the previously under-selected cue emerged without direct training. However, this effect was only found in higher-functioning children, and not with more severely impaired children. These findings suggest that over-selectivity is not simply due to a failure to attend to all of the stimuli presented. They also suggest that extinction of over-selected stimuli may be a fruitful line of intervention for clinical intervention for some individuals.

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“…These behaviors were taught with the use of contingent reinforcements (i.e., access to a preferred item upon correct response) and through the use of a variety of different prompts (e.g., hand-over-hand) to elicit correct responses. These discrete trial techniques are an effective way to teach a variety of imitative behaviors (e.g., Baer et al 1967;Lovaas et al 1966;Metz 1965). However, early studies did not examine the generalizability of these abilities to non-treatment environments.…”

Section: Part 3: Implications For Therapy and Future Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Impaired Social Motivation Drive Imitation Deficits in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Etten

Carver

2015

Rev J Autism Dev Disord

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There is clear evidence that children with autism spectrum disorder display deficits in imitation but little consensus on the reasons for these deficits. In this paper, we review evidence that suggests that the presence of imitation deficits may be explained in part by social communication deficits, specifically by impaired social motivation. First, we discuss the social role that imitation serves in typical development and how imitation may facilitate the forming of social connections. Then, we describe evidence that suggests that both the impairments in imitation that have been seen in some areas, and the relative sparing of imitation in other areas, can be explained by impairments in social motivation. Lastly, the importance of therapies to incorporate social communication skills when targeting imitation is emphasized. As more research needs to be done to empirically examine this hypothesis, suggestions of directions for future studies are discussed.

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Acquisition of Imitative Speech by Schizophrenic Children

Cited by 380 publications

References 2 publications

Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions: Empirically Validated Treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions: Empirically Validated Treatments for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Extinction of Over-selected Stimuli Causes Emergence of Under-selected Cues in Higher-functioning Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders

Does Impaired Social Motivation Drive Imitation Deficits in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder?

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