Acquisition and Interpretation of Water-Level Data

Dalton, Matthew G.; Bradbury, Kenneth R.; Huntsman, Brent

doi:10.1201/9781420032246.ch13

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In hydrogeology, three types of wells are defined: (1) water supply wells, (2) observation wells, and (3) monitoring wells (Dalton et al, 2007;Wilde, 2005). The first well type is used for extraction of water for drinking, industrial process, and irradiation purposes, and usually equipped with a dedicated high-capacity pump; the second well type is used to collect hydrogeological data for observation of the aquifer characteristics and often equipped with piezometers; the third well type is used for observation of physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the aquifer.…”

Section: Sampling Of Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling and Conservation

Schulze

Streck

Paschke

2011

Treatise on Water Science

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Section: Sampling Of Groundwatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling and Conservation

Schulze

Streck

Paschke

2011

Treatise on Water Science

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“…At present, the most favoured instrument for manually measuring the water depth is the electric probe attached to a graduated measurement tape (Dalton et al 2006), which is often referred to as a water-level meter, a dipmeter or a dipper (Brassington 2007). The probe houses two electrodes and an electrical circuit is closed when the probe is immersed into the water inside the well, which activates a light or a buzzer at the surface.…”

Section: Water-level Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although, due to their ease-of-use, electronic waterlevel meters have become the instrument of choice in most water-level surveys, the wetted chalk tape method is identified in the literature as the most accurate method to measure the water depth (Dalton et al 2006;Sweet et al 1990). With this method, the bottom part of the tape is coated with chalk and the tape is lowered into the well until the chalked portion of the tape is partially submerged.…”

Section: Water-level Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although automated water-level recording systems such as float-operated chart recorders, have been used for decades (Dalton et al 2006), modern instruments and computer software provide a cost-effective means of collecting time-series data in unprecedented quantities and temporal resolution. Telemetric systems exist that eliminate the need for a person to collect the recorded data in the field.…”

Section: Water-level Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various other methods to determine the water level in wells are described in the literature (Cunningham and Schalk 2011;Dalton et al 2006;Sweet et al 1990;Driscoll 1986), but will not be discussed here, except for the submerged air-line method and the measurement of artesian heads, which both require determining the pressure using a pressure gauge. The air-line method remains in use for determining the water level in pumped wells where the use of a measurement tape or a pressure transducer is not possible.…”

Section: Water-level Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Revisão: Medição da carga hidráulica—novas tecnologias, armadilhas clássicas

Post

Asmuth

2013

Hydrogeol J

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The hydraulic head is one of the most important metrics in hydrogeology as it underlies the interpretation of groundwater flow, the quantification of aquifer properties and the calibration of flow models. Heads are determined based on water-level measurements in wells and piezometers. Despite the importance of hydraulic head data, standard textbooks used in groundwater curricula provide relatively little discussion of the appropriate measurement procedures. This paper presents a review of the literature dealing with the determination of hydraulic heads, and aims to provide quantitative guidance on the likely sources of error and when these can be expected to become important. The most common measurement procedures are discussed and the main sources of error are identified, i.e. those related to (1) the measurement instruments, (2) the conversion from pressure to heads, (3) time lag effects, and (4) observation well defects. It is argued that heads should be determined following welldefined guidelines, and that it should become standard practice in hydrogeology to provide quantitative estimates of the measurement error.

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Review of the methodologies used to derive groundwater characteristics for a specific area in The Netherlands

et al. 2018

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In this paper, we analyze the methods that are used in The Netherlands to upscale in-situ groundwater measurements in time and in space, and how the selected combinations of upscaling methods affect the resulting groundwater characteristic. In The Netherlands, a three-step approach is used to obtain groundwater characteristics for a specific area: (1) in-situ monitoring of the water table depth; (2) temporal upscaling; and (3) spatial interpolation and aggregation. The three-step approach is, however, not standardized, but a combination of the following methods is used: (i) four methods to measure/monitor the phreatic water table; (ii) four methods for temporal aggregation; and (iii) four methods for spatial interpolation and/or aggregation. Over the past sixty years, several combinations of these methods have been used. Our review shows that the use of these different combinations in the approach to measure and interpret water table depths has resulted in significant systematic differences in the corresponding groundwater characteristics and that there are many sources of potential error. Error in the in-situ measurement of the water table depth can be as high as 1 meter. Errors in the temporal aggregation are in the range of 10 to 20 cm and for the spatial interpolation between 20 to 50 cm. We show that there has been no systematic assessment of how these errors influence the resulting groundwater characterization. Thus, we cannot answer the question of whether drought stress in The Netherlands is under-or overestimated. Based on these findings we give recommendations for a systematic approach to groundwater characterizations studies that can minimize the impact of errors.

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Acquisition and Interpretation of Water-Level Data

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Sampling and Conservation

Sampling and Conservation

Revisão: Medição da carga hidráulica—novas tecnologias, armadilhas clássicas

Review of the methodologies used to derive groundwater characteristics for a specific area in The Netherlands

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