Acquiring research‐grade ERPs on a shoestring budget: A comparison of a modified Emotiv and commercial SynAmps EEG system

Barham, Michael P.; Clark, Gillian M.; Hayden, Melissa J.; Enticott, Peter G.; Conduit, Russell

doi:10.1111/psyp.12888

Cited by 57 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In short, the EPOC was reworked as described elsewhere (Debener, Minow, Emkes, Gandras, & de Vos, 2012) and attached to an EasyCap with 13 Ag/AgCl ring electrodes (EASYCAP, Etterschlag, Germany). Previous studies have provided evidence for the satisfactory data quality of the reworked EPOC (Barham et al, 2017; EEG acquisition according to the International 10-20 system (AFz, Fz, F3, F4, FCz, Cz, C3, C4, Pz, PO7, PO8), two electrodes were used as right eye and right ear lobe electrode, respectively, and one pin was reserved for marker input. Common mode sense (CMS) was at position POz and driven right leg (DRL) at CPz.…”

Section: Eeg Recording and Data Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threat‐conditioned contexts modulate the late positive potential to faces—A mobile EEG/virtual reality study

2018

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In everyday life, the motivational value of faces is bound to the contexts in which faces are perceived. Electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that inherent negatively valent contexts modulate cortical face processing as assessed with ERP components. However, it is not well understood whether learned (rather than inherent) and three‐dimensional aversive contexts similarly modulate the neural processing of faces. Using full immersive virtual reality (VR) and mobile EEG techniques, 25 participants underwent a differential fear conditioning paradigm, in which one virtual room was paired with an aversive noise burst (threat context) and another with a nonaversive noise burst (safe context). Subsequently, avatars with neutral or angry facial expressions were presented in the threat and safe contexts while EEG was recorded. Analysis of the late positive potential (LPP), which presumably indicates motivational salience, revealed a significant interaction of context (threat vs. safe) and face type (neutral vs. angry). Neutral faces evoked increased LPP amplitudes in threat versus safe contexts, while angry faces evoked increased early LPP amplitudes regardless of context. In addition to indicating that threat‐conditioned contexts alter the processing of ambiguous faces, the present study demonstrates the successful integration of EEG and VR with particular relevance for affective neuroscience research.

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Section: Eeg Recording and Data Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Threat‐conditioned contexts modulate the late positive potential to faces—A mobile EEG/virtual reality study

2018

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“…This system is also low in cost compared with medical-grade systems, and is wireless and portable, allowing its use outside of the laboratory (e.g., in homes or schools). Although the EPOC+ system has been validated against research grade systems for recording early ERPs, such as auditory ERPs (Badcock et al, , 2013Barham et al, 2017), and face-sensitive N170 (de Lissa et al, 2015), studies on later components such as the P300 have yielded less consistent results. Vos et al (2014) report similar performance of the Emotiv amplifier compared to a research-grade amplifier, and Elsawy et al (2014) found acceptable results when using a classifier on P300 EPOC+ data, while Duvinage et al (2013) report that the EPOC+ recorded a significantly noisier signal compared to the research grade ANT system (Advanced Neuro Technology, ANT, Enschede, The Netherlands).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards an individualised neural assessment of receptive language in children

Petit

Badcock

Grootswagers

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Keywords N400, EEG, language comprehension, sensitivity, Emotiv EPOC+, multivariate pattern analyses Highlights -New methods show hints that brain data can be used to infer language processing -A gaming headset records EEG waveforms comparable to a research grade system -50% of individual children show significant N400 effects in two paradigms -We can decode semantic context in up to 88% of children using multivariate analyses Abstract:Can we use electrophysiological data to assess language processing? Although we usually cannot infer cognition from brain data, there are some circumstances in which discriminative brain signals are enough to tell us that cognitive processing has occurred. For example, if we observe differential neural responses to identical stimuli that vary only in cognitive context, we can infer an influence of context on stimulus processing. Here, we used this logic to develop a test for receptive language ability in individual children. We were motivated by the suggestion that some non-verbal individuals, such as a subset of autistic children, may understand more language than they can demonstrate; for these people a neural test would be transformative. We developed two child-friendly paradigms in which typically developing children listened to identical spoken words in congruent and incongruent lexicalsemantic contexts. In the congruent condition, the target word was strongly predicted by the context, while in the incongruent condition, the target word violated lexical-semantic predictions. In both paradigms, we simultaneously measured EEG with a research-grade system, Neuroscan's SynAmps2, and an adapted gaming system, Emotiv's EPOC+. In both paradigms, at a group level, we found a statistically significant N400 effect to lexical-semantic violations, and we also detected significant effects in about half of our participants individually.The same effects were present, although with a numerically smaller amplitude, with EPOC+.Using multivariate analyses on individual children's EEG data increased our sensitivity to detect evidence of lexical-semantic processing, reaching an 88% detection rate in a paradigm using sentences. This provides a promising avenue to assess language comprehension in individuals, which could be used to identify language comprehension abilities in children who may otherwise struggle to demonstrate how much they understand.

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“…Comparison studies revealed that the Emotiv system (equipped with the cheap original electrodes) performs less accurate than a medical device, however is able to record EEG data in a satisfying manner (Duvinage et al, 2013; Badcock et al, 2013). Comparing a modified (according to Debener et al, 2012) Emotiv System with a commercial SynAmps System revealed only small differences, with a marginal worse performance of the modified Emotiv System (Barham et al, 2017).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Exploring the limitations of event-related potential measures in moving subjects. Case studies of four different technical modifications in ergometer rowing

Hill

2019

Preprint

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2Measuring brain activity outside the laboratory is of great importance for investigating 3 human behavior under naturalistic conditions (e.g., in cognition and movement research, 4 application of brain-computer interfaces). To measure neuronal activity in moving subjects, 5 only modified NIRS and EEG systems are applicable. Because conventional EEG systems are 6 too sensitive to movement artifacts, artifact sources should be eliminated beforehand to 7 improve signal quality. Four different approaches for EEG/ERP measures with moving 8 subjects were tested in case studies: (i) a purpose-built head-mounted preamplifier, (ii) a 9 laboratory system with active electrodes, (iii)+(iv) a wireless headset combined with (iii) 10 passive or (iv) active electrodes. A standard visual oddball task was applied during rest (without 11 movement) and during ergometer rowing. All 14 measures revealed very similiar (within 12 subjects) visual evoked potentials for rowing and rest. The small intraindividual differences 13 between rowing and rest, in comparison to the typically larger interindividual differences in 14 the ERP waveforms revealed that ERPs can be measured reliably even in an athletic movement 15 like rowing. The expected modulation of the motor-related activity by force output, on the other 16 hand, was largely affected by movement artifacts. Therefore, for a successful application of 17 ERP measures in movement research, further developments to differentiate between 18 movement-related neuronal activity and movement-related artifacts are required. However, it 19 cannot be excluded that activities with small magnitudes related to motor learning and motor 20 control cannot be detected because they are superimposed by the very large motor potential 21 which increases with force output. 22 23

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Acquiring research‐grade ERPs on a shoestring budget: A comparison of a modified Emotiv and commercial SynAmps EEG system

Cited by 57 publications

References 21 publications

Threat‐conditioned contexts modulate the late positive potential to faces—A mobile EEG/virtual reality study

Threat‐conditioned contexts modulate the late positive potential to faces—A mobile EEG/virtual reality study

Towards an individualised neural assessment of receptive language in children

Exploring the limitations of event-related potential measures in moving subjects. Case studies of four different technical modifications in ergometer rowing

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