Acquired Obesity Increases CD68 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Decreases Adiponectin Gene Expression in Adipose Tissue: A Study in Monozygotic Twins

Pietiläinen, Kirsi H.; Kannisto, Katja; Korsheninnikova, Elena; Rissanen, Aila; Kaprio, Jaakko; Ehrenborg, Ewa; Hamsten, Anders; Yki‐Järvinen, Hannele

doi:10.1210/jc.2005-2848

Cited by 63 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…50 The expression of adiponectin mRNA in adipocytes from the obese co-twins was also shown to be significantly downregulated. 7 The findings in these obesity-discordant MZ twins support the view that adiponectin deficiency is indeed an acquired trait associated with obesity. Adiponectin has a number of other modulatory effects on metabolic processes, including decreasing gluconeogenesis, increasing glucose uptake and utilization of fatty acids in muscle tissue.…”

Section: Prediabetic Changes In Acquired Obesitysupporting

confidence: 59%

“…Hypertrophy of the cell is accompanied by reduced expression of, among other transcription factors PPARG---an important regulator of adipocyte differentiation. 7 In the adipose tissue of the obese co-twin a number of differentiation-associated pathways and individual gene products were also downregulated, pointing to an impaired differentiation of the swelling adipocytes. 12 Figure 5.…”

Section: Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

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Causes and consequences of obesity: the contribution of recent twin studies

et al. 2011

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Obesity is a genetically complex disorder that produces a myriad of health problems. Most of the recognized complications of obesity are not only strongly influenced by lifestyle factors, but also present with independent genetic predispositions that are notoriously difficult to disentangle in humans. Most studies on the causes and consequences of acquired obesity are encumbered by the incomplete ability to control for genetic influences. However, utilizing a unique experiment of nature, namely monozygotic twins (MZ) discordant for obesity as 'clonal controls' of obese and non-obese individuals has enabled the fine characterization of the effects and possible antecedents of acquired obesity while controlling for the genetic background, as well as pointed to novel obesity predisposing candidate genes. This review is a distillation of the findings from more than 10 years of research done in an exceptionally well-characterized collection of MZ and dizygotic (DZ) twins, based on the Finnish Twin Cohorts. Topics covered include the nature of development of obesity from the childhood onwards, the role of exercise in modifying the genetic susceptibility, the resulting inflammatory, prediabetic and preatherosclerotic changes in whole body and adipose tissue physiology, as well as the newest insights provided by the omics revolution. Keywords: adipose tissue; inflammation; liver fat; insulin resistance; BMI; metabolic syndrome INTRODUCTION Across time people have been fascinated by monozygotic (MZ) twins and their striking similarities in appearance, behavior as well as aspects of health and disease. In mythology, twins are often described as two halves of a whole, or alternatively as polar opposite representations of good and evil. MZ twins result from the early splitting of a single zygote and thereby are identical at the level of DNA sequence (precluding somatic mutations, epigenetic modifications and other genetic changes), whereas dizygotic (DZ) twins result from two different ova being fertilized by two separate sperm and share on average 50% of their segregating genes---just as ordinary siblings in a family. Most of the early genetic research into the heritability and variance of human traits was based on measuring the differences in within-pair correlations of various phenotypic traits between pairs of MZ and DZ twins. In addition to complex, continuous phenotypes such as height, weight and aspects of personality where MZ twins exhibit a high degree of similarity, MZ twins are nearly always concordant for Mendelian genetic diseases. Studying cases where MZ twins present with differences in the manifestation (onset, severity, response to treatment, and so on) of Mendelian diseases has helped to uncover disease mutations as well as broadened the clinical spectrum of diseases previously thought to be more uniform in presentation (Reviewed by Zwijnenburg et al., 2010). 1 Recently discordant MZ twins have also been utilized in the hunt for polymorphisms contributing to complex traits such as obesity. 2 Twin studies ha...

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Section: Prediabetic Changes In Acquired Obesitysupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Adipose Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Causes and consequences of obesity: the contribution of recent twin studies

et al. 2011

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“…FAS is known to regulate fatty acid synthesis and lipogenesis, 25) and the FAS pathway could be a common molecular target for central appetitive and peripheral metabolic regulation. 38) On the other hand, TNF-has been implicated in insulin resistance, 39) indicating that an okara intake may also lead to the prevention of insulin resistance. Although a decrease of adiponectin in WAT has been reported with obesity, 28,30) the okara intake did not influence adiponectin gene expression in EWAT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Okara, Soybean Residue, Prevents Obesity in a Diet-Induced Murine Obesity Model

Matsumoto

Watanabe

Yokoyama

2007

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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We examined the effect of okara on the prevention of obesity in mice. A modified AIN-76 diet with a high fat content (14.1% of crude fat) was used as a basal diet. Male ICR mice were fed ad libitum with the basal diet or a dried okara-supplemented basal diet (10, 20, or 40%) for 10 weeks. The okara intake dose-dependently suppressed the development of body weight and epididymal white adipose tissue (EWAT), and prevented an increase of plasma lipids, including total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acid. The okara intake also prevented steatosis in the liver. Real-time RT-PCR revealed that the okara intake induced downregulation of the fatty acid synthetase gene and upregulation of the cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) gene in the liver. We also found that the okara intake caused a marked reduction in the expression of leptin and TNF-alpha genes in EWAT. Our results suggest that okara is beneficial in preventing obesity.

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“…Circulating APN levels decrease with obesity and increase with weight loss (Gavrila et al 2003, EscobarMorreale 2006, Pietilainen et al 2006. The major action of APN is to increase insulin sensitivity by stimulating glucose uptake in the liver and muscle, decreasing hepatic gluconeogenesis, and promoting fatty acid b-oxidation in the skeletal muscle.…”

Section: Adiponectinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipokines in reproductive function: a link between obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome

Chen¹,

Jia²,

Qiao³

et al. 2013

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy associated with infertility and metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age. Dysfunction of adipose tissue has been implicated in the pathophysiology of PCOS. Increasing evidence shows that the dysregulated expression of adipokines, the secreted products of adipose tissue, plays an important role in the pathology of PCOS. Here, we review the role of several identified adipokines that may act as a link between obesity and PCOS. PCOS also reciprocally influences the profile of adipokines. Insight into the underlying mechanisms will help better understand the pathology of PCOS and identify new therapeutic targets of this syndrome.

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Acquired Obesity Increases CD68 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Decreases Adiponectin Gene Expression in Adipose Tissue: A Study in Monozygotic Twins

Abstract: Acquired obesity independent of genetic influences is able to increase expression of macrophage and inflammatory markers and decrease adiponectin expression in adipose tissue.

Cited by 63 publications

References 38 publications

Causes and consequences of obesity: the contribution of recent twin studies

Causes and consequences of obesity: the contribution of recent twin studies

Okara, Soybean Residue, Prevents Obesity in a Diet-Induced Murine Obesity Model

Adipokines in reproductive function: a link between obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome

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