Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Risk Behavior Among Gay Men in Small Cities

Ja, Kelly; Da, Murphy; Ra, Roffman; Lj, Solomon; Ra, Winett; Ly, Stevenson; Jj, Koob; Dr, Ayotte; Bs, Flynn; Ll, Desiderato

doi:10.1001/archinte.1992.00400230101017

Cited by 39 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Data were collected in this study as a part of a larger and ongoing project that will evaluate the impact of multisite community-level HIV prevention programs. We have previously reported on HIV risk behavior levels observed in a subset of about 30% of the participants in the present study (Kelly et al, 1992). During 3-night periods on five occasions separated by 6-month intervals, all men entering all gay bars in each city were asked to complete an anonymous survey questionnaire.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Factors predicting continued high-risk behavior among gay men in small cities: Psychological, behavioral, and demographic characteristics related to unsafe sex.

Kelly¹,

Sikkema²,

Winett³

et al. 1995

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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Nearly 6,000 men entering gay bars in 16 small American cities were anonymously surveyed to assess their sexual behavior and to determine predictors of risky sexual practices. Excluding individuals in long-term exclusive relationships, 27% of the men reported engaging in unprotected anal intercourse in the past 2 months. Factors strongly predictive of risk included having a large number of different male partners, estimating oneself to be at greater risk, having weak intentions to use condoms at next intercourse, believing that safer sex is not an expected norm within one's peer reference group, being of younger age, and having less education. These findings indicate that HIV prevention efforts are urgently needed for gay men in smaller cities, with efforts particularly focused on young and less educated men sexually active with multiple partners. Prevention should focus on strengthening intentions to change behavior and on changing social norms to foster safer sex.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 56%

Factors predicting continued high-risk behavior among gay men in small cities: Psychological, behavioral, and demographic characteristics related to unsafe sex.

Kelly¹,

Sikkema²,

Winett³

et al. 1995

Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology

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“…Participants responded to six items of perceived normative acceptance of safer sex for homosexual acts among the men they know. This scale was adapted from a safer sex social norms scale reported by Kelly et al (1992). In keeping with social cognitive theory (Bandura, 1997), perceived social norms were conceptualized as an individual's beliefs about peer acceptance and practices of safer sexual behaviors with other men.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk for HIV infection among bisexual men seeking HIV-prevention services and risks posed to their female partners.

Kalichman¹,

Roffman²,

Picciano³

et al. 1998

Health Psychology

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The present study interviewed gay (n = 473) and bisexual men (n = 146) as part of an HIV prevention program and investigated social cognitive factors associated with HIV risk. Results indicated that HIV risk in homosexual men was associated with sexual openness and connections to gay communities, factors not associated with risk for bisexual men. Compared with men at lower risk, those who practiced high-risk sex scored lower on measures of perceived safer sex norms, safer sex self-efficacy, and social skills. Bisexual men with primary female partners often had not disclosed their bisexuality to female partners (75%), and 64% had not modified their behavior to protect female partners. Bisexual men who engage in high-risk behaviors therefore pose a risk to female partners who may be unaware of their involvement with men.

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“…Most psychosocial models of HIV risk behaviour emphasize individual-based variables such as knowledge, attitudes, behavioural intentions, or normative perceptions of others (Amaro, 1995;Kelly et al, 1992;Peterson et al, 1991).' Thus, the AIDS Risk Reduction Model (AARM; Catania et al, 1992) and others (e.g.…”

Section: The 'Rational Operator* and Hiv Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex, drugs and escape: A psychological model of HIV-risk sexual behaviours

McKirnan¹,

Ostrow²,

Hope³

1996

AIDS Care

269

213

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Risk Behavior Among Gay Men in Small Cities

Cited by 39 publications

References 22 publications

Factors predicting continued high-risk behavior among gay men in small cities: Psychological, behavioral, and demographic characteristics related to unsafe sex.

Factors predicting continued high-risk behavior among gay men in small cities: Psychological, behavioral, and demographic characteristics related to unsafe sex.

Risk for HIV infection among bisexual men seeking HIV-prevention services and risks posed to their female partners.

Sex, drugs and escape: A psychological model of HIV-risk sexual behaviours

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