Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

Mucocutaneous manifestation of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in relation to degree of immunosuppression: a study of a West African population

“…Skin disorders in patients with HIV may appear unusual and may be inaccurately diagnosed. This may lead to poor response to therapy 1–4 . The incidence, severity, and number of skin lesions increase as immune function deteriorates.…”

“…Inflammatory lesions, fungal, viral, and bacterial skin conditions are more common in children who have HIV/AIDS compared with their healthy counterparts. When found, these conditions are also more difficult to treat than in immunocompetent children 1,2,7 . Examples of mucocutaneous lesions in HIV/AIDS include oral candidiasis, dermatophytosis, pruritic papular dermatitis, and lesions associated with nutritional deficiencies, among others 6,7 .…”

“…This may lead to poor response to therapy. [1][2][3][4] The incidence, severity, and number of skin lesions increase as immune function deteriorates. Declining CD4+ count connotes worsening disease.…”

Risk Factors, Clinical Features, Baseline Alanine Aminotransferase and CD4<sup>+</sup> Count of Children with HIV Co-Infection with Hepatitis B and C at a Tertiary Hospital in Southwest Nigeria

“…Other significant modes of transmission of HIV in children as shared with hepatitis B and C viruses include parenteral exposure to HIV infected blood and blood products, sexual contact with HIV infected persons (especially among adolescents and victims of sexual assaults), and intravenous drug use especially among adolescent boys, [15] believed to be less important in West African children than those in developed countries [14] [16].…”

“…Vertical transmission also known as mother to child transmission accounts for almost all HIV infections in children younger than 13 years (greater than 90% of paediatric HIV infections in general), although the rate of vertical transmission has reduced significantly in region where there is adequate access to HIV care and support services [14] [15]. Other significant modes of transmission of HIV in children as shared with hepatitis B and C viruses include parenteral exposure to HIV infected blood and blood products, sexual contact with HIV infected persons (especially among adolescents and victims of sexual assaults), and intravenous drug use especially among adolescent boys, [15] believed to be less important in West African children than those in developed countries [14] [16].…”