“…In other words, the computation method reveals an aero-acoustic mechanism that the dynamic change of the membrane can remarkably limit the actual amplification effect. The acoustic mechanism might supplement the previous important theory about acoustic wave-amplification (Laly et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2019). The previous study temporarily neglects the band-width difference between in experiment and computation.…”
Section: Acoustic Theoretical Model Establishmentmentioning
Helmholtz sound source consists of Helmholtz resonator and speaker and belongs to a new type of high-intensity sound source. It has potential industrial advantage in the aerodynamic acoustic application for the large amplitude wave. Based on the lumped parameter principle of acoustic impedance, an acoustic theoretical model is suggested. The model reveals the amplification regulation of the sound source on the acoustic wave. Through the acoustic theoretical computation, a dynamic amplification and an amplification limitation are analyzed. The wave-amplification effect attributes to the parameter regulation of the macro, micro, and dynamic-varied sizes of the sound source. The repetitive motion of the vibrating membrane of speaker causes three working states of balance, squeeze, and stretch. The three states act as specific boundary conditions and demonstrate as three different theoretical curves. The theoretical boundary curves codetermine an experimental curve, which essentially limits the practical amplification effect. Nevertheless, the amplification gain of sound pressure amplitude reaches up to 1.8 times, and the potential maximum amplitude reaches up to 3600 Pa (164 dB). The two quantitative characteristics indicate the maximum capability of the sound source on wave-amplification effect. The control sensitivity of the complicated impedance parameters on wave amplification is 0.26 Pa/Hz. The acoustic theoretical model is valuable in the series aspects of the industrial design, manufacture, and application of the sound source. Especially, the theoretical innovation lays the foundation of solid to these aspects.
“…In other words, the computation method reveals an aero-acoustic mechanism that the dynamic change of the membrane can remarkably limit the actual amplification effect. The acoustic mechanism might supplement the previous important theory about acoustic wave-amplification (Laly et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2019). The previous study temporarily neglects the band-width difference between in experiment and computation.…”
Section: Acoustic Theoretical Model Establishmentmentioning
Helmholtz sound source consists of Helmholtz resonator and speaker and belongs to a new type of high-intensity sound source. It has potential industrial advantage in the aerodynamic acoustic application for the large amplitude wave. Based on the lumped parameter principle of acoustic impedance, an acoustic theoretical model is suggested. The model reveals the amplification regulation of the sound source on the acoustic wave. Through the acoustic theoretical computation, a dynamic amplification and an amplification limitation are analyzed. The wave-amplification effect attributes to the parameter regulation of the macro, micro, and dynamic-varied sizes of the sound source. The repetitive motion of the vibrating membrane of speaker causes three working states of balance, squeeze, and stretch. The three states act as specific boundary conditions and demonstrate as three different theoretical curves. The theoretical boundary curves codetermine an experimental curve, which essentially limits the practical amplification effect. Nevertheless, the amplification gain of sound pressure amplitude reaches up to 1.8 times, and the potential maximum amplitude reaches up to 3600 Pa (164 dB). The two quantitative characteristics indicate the maximum capability of the sound source on wave-amplification effect. The control sensitivity of the complicated impedance parameters on wave amplification is 0.26 Pa/Hz. The acoustic theoretical model is valuable in the series aspects of the industrial design, manufacture, and application of the sound source. Especially, the theoretical innovation lays the foundation of solid to these aspects.
“…Flow separation effects are not incorporated. Following Laly et al, 8 this section describes the extension of the model to account for flow separation due to periodic bias and grazing flow. The specific impedance of the perforated plate is given by equation (1):…”
Section: Impedance Model For the Zero Mass Flow Liner Under Grazing Flowmentioning
In this study, the concept of a zero mass flow liner is evaluated. The concept enables impedance control by the induction of, acoustically actuated, periodic bias flow through the facing sheet of the liner. By means of the periodic bias flow, the impedance of the liner is adapted to different grazing flow conditions. The equivalent fluid impedance model for perforated plates is modified to account for the effects of periodic bias and grazing flow. A generally applicable optimization routine, using the impedance of the lined surface as a boundary condition in a numeric calculation, is implemented. Based on the results of the optimization, a zero mass flow liner is manufactured and evaluated experimentally. The damping characteristics are assessed in the form of dissipated energy along the lined surface. Prediction and measurements show reasonable agreement. The zero mass flow liner delivers broadband dissipation of high peak value over a range of grazing flow Mach numbers. Under grazing flow, the effect of periodic bias flow is reduced. For a ratio of grazing to bias flow velocities larger than five, no appreciable effect is found. This poses considerable energy requirements on the actuation source for the application in high-Mach-number flow regimes.
“…This tortuosity parameter is related to corrected length which can be calculated by the radiation of perforated pores in free air [9], which has been neglected in predicting sound absorption coefficients. According to reported studies [10,11], tortuosity is closely related to the position of the quarter-wavelength peaks and also determines the sound absorption behavior at the high frequency of porous materials. Therefore, these models could not well describe the minimum absorption valley value of sound absorption curves at a high-frequency range [5,6,12].…”
The fabric has been widely used as a noise-reduction material. This paper presents a revised equivalent circuit model to simulate the acoustical behavior of woven fabric with backing an air gap, with a special focus on including a tortuosity parameter. The simulated sound absorption of three fabrics with and without the tortuosity parameter was experimentally validated. The equivalent circuit model including the tortuosity parameter predicts the absorption curve better, particularly at the local minima in comparison to the existing models without the tortuosity effects. It is beneficial to the structural design of woven fabric with enhanced sound absorption.
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