Acoustic temperature measurement in a rocket noise field

Giraud, Jarom H.; Gee, Kent L.; Ellsworth, J.

doi:10.1121/1.3384663

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…1 However, this sensor is sensitive to mean flow effects, which may make it less robust for outdoor measurements involving wind or temperature fluctuations (e.g., jet noise measurements). 2,3 Another method for estimating acoustic intensity uses microphone pairs and their cross spectra. In this formulation, pressure is estimated as the average measured pressure, and particle velocity is estimated using the pressure gradient across the microphones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bias error analysis for phase and amplitude gradient estimation of acoustic intensity and specific acoustic impedance

Whiting

Lawrence

Gee

et al. 2017

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Sound intensity measurements using two microphones have traditionally been processed using a cross-spectral method with inherent error in the finite-sum and finite-difference formulas. The phase and amplitude gradient estimator method (PAGE) has been seen experimentally to extend the bandwidth of broadband active intensity estimates by an order of magnitude. To provide an analytical foundation for the method, bias errors in active intensity and specific acoustic impedance are presented and compared to those of the traditional method. Bias errors are reported for a plane-wave field and sound radiated from a monopole and a dipole. Additionally, bias errors are reported for reactive intensity, the estimation of which is unchanged by the PAGE method for the two-microphone case.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bias error analysis for phase and amplitude gradient estimation of acoustic intensity and specific acoustic impedance

Whiting

Lawrence

Gee

et al. 2017

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…According to [18], the relationship between the SOS (c) and the thermodynamic temperature (T) can be expressed as equation (5),…”

Section: Theoretical Analysis Of Afpr-based Acoustic Thermometermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Acoustic thermometry is a typical noncontact temperature measurement technology, which has the advantages of high precision, fast response, wide measurement range, strong * Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed. robustness, and no need of calibration [1][2][3][4][5][6]. These advantages make acoustic thermometry quite suitable for measuring gas temperature in complex, harsh, and hazardous environments such as nuclear power plants and furnaces, in which conventional temperature sensors cannot tolerate [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A speakerless acoustic thermometer

Xiong¹,

Yan²,

Cai³

et al. 2023

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Existing acoustic thermometers are often implemented using speaker-microphone systems, which are power-consuming and inconvenient to operate. Here we demonstrate a simple speakerless acoustic thermometer, which is an acoustic Fabry-Perot resonator (AFPR) consisting of a tubular acoustic waveguide and a microphone whose diaphragm acts as a reflective surface of the AFPR. Theoretical analysis shows that the resonant frequency (fm) at a given mode order (m) for the AFPR is a linear function of m with the slope (Δf/Δm) depending on the ambient temperature. Therefore, when the linear relationship between fm and m for the AFPR is measured, the ambient temperature can be determined from its slope. The values of fm at different m can be easily obtained by using the AFPR to detect ambient white noise rather than the sound signal from a loudspeaker. The thermometric performance of the prepared AFPR was investigated in a range of temperatures from -17 °C to 60 °C. The measured temperatures show the mean absolute error below 0.9 °C relative to those simultaneously obtained with a commercial electronic thermometer. As experimentally demonstrated in this work, the AFPR can detect extremely weak white noise in the anechoic room and thus enables to accurate measure the ambient temperature there, attributable to its ultrahigh pressure sensitivity at each resonant frequency. The advantages of simple structure, low power consumption, convenient operation, and high detection accuracy offer the AFPR outstanding applicability for on-site temperature measurements in various environments.

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“…14 In environments where significant non-acoustic temperature and velocity fluctuations occur, use of the p-p method has been shown to be more robust. 11,15 Recent efforts to develop and use p-p based probes in the near field of rocket and military jet aircraft plumes [16][17][18][19] have served as motivation to examine errors associated with the FD method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase and amplitude gradient method for the estimation of acoustic vector quantities

Thomas

Christensen

Gee

2015

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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An alternative pressure-sensor based method for estimating the acoustic intensity, the phase and amplitude gradient estimation (PAGE) method, is presented. This method uses the same hardware as the standard finite-difference method, but does not suffer from the frequency-dependent bias inherent to the finite-difference method. A detailed derivation of the PAGE method and the finite-difference method is presented. Both methods are then compared using simple acoustic fields. The ability to unwrap the phase component of the PAGE method is discussed, which leads to accurate intensity estimates above previous frequency limits. The uncertainties associated with both methods of estimation are presented. It is shown that the PAGE method provides more accurate intensity estimates over a larger frequency bandwidth.

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Acoustic temperature measurement in a rocket noise field

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Bias error analysis for phase and amplitude gradient estimation of acoustic intensity and specific acoustic impedance

Bias error analysis for phase and amplitude gradient estimation of acoustic intensity and specific acoustic impedance

A speakerless acoustic thermometer

Phase and amplitude gradient method for the estimation of acoustic vector quantities

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