Acoustic startle response in rats predicts inter-individual variation in fear extinction

Russo, Amanda S; Parsons, Ryan G.

doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2017.01.008

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The apparatus for all experiments has been described in detail elsewhere (Russo and Parsons, 2017). Experiment 1 took place in conditioning chambers (Clever Systems Inc., Reston, VA, USA) located within sound-attenuating isolation boxes.…”

Section: Behavioral Apparatus Experiments 1: Freezingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Expression of Contextual Fear in Male and Female Rats

Russo

Parsons

2021

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The study of fear conditioning has led to a better understanding of fear and anxiety-based disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Despite the fact many of these disorders are more common in women than in men, the vast majority of work investigating fear conditioning in rodents has been conducted in males. The goal of the work presented here was to better understand how biological sex affects contextual fear conditioning and expression. To this end, rats of both sexes were trained to fear a specific context and fear responses were measured upon re-exposure to the conditioning context. In the first experiment, male and female rats were given context fear conditioning and tested the next day during which freezing behavior was measured. In the second experiment, rats were trained and tested in a similar fashion while fear-potentiated startle and defecation were measured. We found that males showed more freezing behavior than females during a fear expression test. The expression of fear-potentiated startle did not differ between sexes, while males exhibited more defecation during a test in a novel context. These data suggest that the expression of defensive behavior differs between sexes and highlight the importance of using multiple measures of fear when comparing between sexes.

show abstract

Section: Behavioral Apparatus Experiments 1: Freezingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Expression of Contextual Fear in Male and Female Rats

Russo

Parsons

2021

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Just recently, we showed that repeated immunization with heat-killed M. vaccae also enhances between-session and within-session fear extinction, but not baseline acoustic startle responses and fear acquisition or expression, in the fear-potentiated startle (FPS) paradigm in rats, relative to vehicle-immunized controls [129]. Baseline acoustic startle is a sensitive measure of generalized anxiety or fear expression [356], which was also not affected by M. vaccae in the PTSD mouse study [337]; only psychosocial traumatization [337] and FPS training-induced [129] anxiety were ameliorated by prior M. vaccae administration. The facilitating effects of M. vaccae on fear extinction are of particular importance, as trauma-related anxiety and affective disorders, including PTSD, are characterized as persistent re-experiencing of the trauma after a traumatic experience.…”

Section: Immunoregulatory Approaches To Promote Stress/trauma Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

Old Friends, immunoregulation, and stress resilience

Langgartner

Lowry

Reber³

2018

Pflugers Arch - Eur J Physiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is a considerable body of evidence indicating that chronic adverse experience, especially chronic psychosocial stress/trauma, represents a major risk factor for the development of many somatic and affective disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the mechanisms underlying the development of chronic stress-associated disorders are still in large part unknown, and current treatment and prevention strategies lack efficacy and reliability. A greater understanding of mechanisms involved in the development and persistence of chronic stress-induced disorders may lead to novel approaches to prevention and treatment of these disorders. In this review, we provide evidence indicating that increases in immune (re-)activity and inflammation, potentially promoted by a reduced exposure to immunoregulatory microorganisms (“Old Friends”) in today’s modern society, may be causal factors in mediating the vulnerability to development and persistence of stress-related pathologies. Moreover, we discuss strategies to increase immunoregulatory processes and attenuate inflammation, as for instance contact with immunoregulatory Old Friends, which appears to be a promising strategy to promote stress resilience and to prevent/treat chronic stress-related disorders.

show abstract

“…Die basale startle-response auf akustische Reize ist ein sensibler Messwert für allgemeine Angstzustände bzw. die Expression von Angst [434]. Interessanterweise hatte M. vaccae in unserer PTBS-Mausstudie auch keinen Einfluss auf Letzteres [372]; nur Angst als Folge von psychosozialer Traumatisierung [372] und FPS [433] wurden durch eine vorangegangene Verabreichung von M. vaccae abgeschwächt.…”

Section: Förderung Von Stress-bzw Traumaresilienz Durch Die Behandluunclassified

„Old Friends“, Immunregulation und Stressresilienz

Langgartner¹,

Lowry²,

Reber³

2020

Nervenheilkunde

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGEs gibt zahlreiche Hinweise darauf, dass chronische negative Erfahrungen, insbesondere chronischer psychosozialer Stress, einen wesentlichen Risikofaktor für die Entstehung vieler somatischer und affektiver Störungen darstellen, einschließlich chronischer entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen (CED) und der posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS). Die Mechanismen, die der Entstehung chronischer stressbedingter Erkrankungen zugrunde liegen, sind jedoch noch weitgehend unbekannt und die derzeitigen Behandlungs- und Präventionsstrategien sind unzureichend wirksam und zuverlässig. Ein besseres Verständnis der Mechanismen, die an der Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung chronischer stressbedingter Erkrankungen beteiligt sind, kann zu neuen Ansätzen in der Prävention und Behandlung dieser Erkrankungen führen. In diesem 2-teiligen Review fassen wir die theoretischen Grundlagen (Teil 1) sowie die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen (Teil 2) zusammen, welche die Hypothese stützen, dass ein Anstieg der Immun(re)aktivität und des Entzündungsgeschehens in der heutigen modernen Gesellschaft, potenziell gefördert durch einen verminderten Kontakt mit immunregulatorischen Mikroorganismen („Old Friends“), ursächlich an der gesteigerten Anfälligkeit für stressbedingte Pathologien sein könnte. Darüber hinaus diskutieren wir den künstlich herbeigeführten Kontakt mit Old Friends als vielversprechende Strategie zur Förderung der Stressresilienz und zur Vorbeugung/Behandlung chronischer stressbedingter Erkrankungen.

show abstract

Acoustic startle response in rats predicts inter-individual variation in fear extinction

Cited by 18 publications

References 54 publications

Behavioral Expression of Contextual Fear in Male and Female Rats

Behavioral Expression of Contextual Fear in Male and Female Rats

Old Friends, immunoregulation, and stress resilience

„Old Friends“, Immunregulation und Stressresilienz

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About