First and foremost I would like to thank my God "ALLAH" for granting me the power and patience throughout the entire PhD journey. Second, I'm so grateful to my beloved homeland "Egypt" which fully funded my PhD program. I pray to ALLAH to keep Egypt safe, secure, and going to a prosperous future.I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisors Prof. Christian Fraboul and Dr. Anas Abou El Kalam for their continuous support, guidance, encouragement, scientific advice throughout my PhD study. It has been a great honor for me to work under their supervision.I'm also so thankful to the members of my PhD committee, Prof. Abdelmadjid Bouabdallah, Prof. Belhassen Zouari, and Prof. Frédéric Cuppens for their time, interest, insightful comments, and valuable evaluation reports of my PhD thesis. I am truly fortunate to have had them as members of my PhD committee.I'm so grateful to the members of the Egyptian Cultural and Educational Bureau in Paris for their continuous assistance, support, appreciable service, and good management of the administrative aspects throughout my PhD program.I am especially grateful to the members of our laboratory who have contributed immensely to my personal and professional time,