Acoustic measurement of suspensions of clay and silt particles using single frequency attenuation and backscatter

Carpenter, Wayne O.; Goodwiller, Bradley T.; Chambers, James P.; Wren, Daniel G.; Kuhnle, Roger A.

doi:10.1016/j.apacoust.2014.04.013

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In situ backscatter devices, which measure the echo response, also offer better application flexibility than instrumentation which incorporate separate transmitters and receivers, including electrical tomographic methods [4,5], gamma or x-ray densitometers [6,7], as well as ultrasonic transmission methods [8][9][10][11]. Both single-frequency and array-based echo techniques are now widely utilised to measure particle properties in relatively low-concentration environmental sediment transport studies [12][13][14][15], and similar methods are being investigated for a number of industrial fields [16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and density normalisation of acoustic attenuation and backscattering constants of arbitrary suspensions within the Rayleigh scattering regime

et al. 2019

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The scattering and attenuation of megahertz frequency acoustic backscatter in liquid suspensions, is examined for a range of fine organic and inorganic particles in the Rayleigh regime, 10 -4 < ka < 10 0 (where k is the wavenumber and a the particle radius) which are widely industrially relevant, but with limited existing data. In particular, colloidal latex, mineral titania and barytes sediments, as well as larger glass powders were investigated. A manipulation of the backscatter voltage equation was used to directly measure the sediment attenuation constants, . Decoupling of the combined backscattering-transducer constant, allowing explicit measurement of the backscattering constant, ks, was achieved through calibration of the transducer constant, kt. Additionally, the methodology was streamlined via averaging between a number of intermediate concentrations to reduce data variability. This approach enabled the form function, f, and the corresponding total normalized scattering cross-sections, , to be determined for all species. While f and are available in the literature for large glass and sand, this methodology allowed extension for the colloidal organic and inorganic particles. Specific gravity normalisation of f collapsed all data onto a single distribution, with the exception of titania, due to scattering complexities associated withagglomeration. There was some additional variation in , with measured values of the fine particles up to of magnitude greater than the density-normalised prediction at low ka . Mechanisms accounting for these variations from theory are however analysed, and include viscous attenuation effects, the polydispersity of the particle type and increasing influence of the solvent attenuation.Additionally, thermoacoustic losses appeared to dominate the attenuation behaviour of the organic latex particles. This study demonstrates that particles close to the colloidal regime can be measured successfully with acoustic backscatter, and highlights the great potential of this technique to be applied for in situ or online monitoring purposes in such systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and density normalisation of acoustic attenuation and backscattering constants of arbitrary suspensions within the Rayleigh scattering regime

et al. 2019

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“…In order to improve the state of knowledge, laboratory investigations by Carpenter et. al (2009Carpenter et. al ( , 2014 were conducted at the National Center for Physical Acoustics with collaboration from the USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ultrasonic measurements of suspended sediment concentrations at Harris Bayou, Mississippi

Carpenter¹,

Kajdan

Goodwiller

et al. 2013

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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The use of ultrasonic acoustic technology to measure the concentration of fine suspended sediments has the potential to greatly increase the temporal and spatial resolution of sediment measurements while reducing the need for personnel to be present at gauging stations during storm events. A laboratory investigation by Carpenter et. al (2009, 2014) was undertaken by the National Center for Physical Acoustics in cooperation with the USDA-ARS National Sedimentation Laboratory. In these experiments, two immersion transducers were used to measure attenuation from 20 MHz acoustic signals propagated through suspended clay (smectite and kaolinite) and silt particles (i.e. clays and silts ranging from 0.03-14 micrometer particle size diameter) for a wide range of concentrations (0.3-14 g/L). Attenuation curves for each particle classification were compared to the theoretical attenuation curves developed by Urick (1948) and Sheng and Hay (1988) for scattering as presented by Landers (2010), and a model for estimating concentration was created. Subsequently, a customized field deployable system was developed using the laboratory transducer design parameters and deployed as an acoustic surrogate monitoring fine sediment particles in suspension at Harris Bayou, in cooperation with personnel from the U. S. Geological Survey. Using the laboratory and field systems concurrently, the calibration measurements show good agreement between the laboratory grade equipment and the new prototype system. The results of laboratory calibration and testing of the prototype system at Harris Bayou will be presented.

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“…[15][16][17][18] There is a multitude of examples for the use of direct acoustical backscattering in marine geology or other civil engineering areas to measure suspended sediment concentration (SSC). [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Backscattering measurements have the great advantage of having a very large penetration depth (several meters). 34 Therefore, ultrasound backscattering measurements are becoming an important tool for sediment dynamics studies and monitoring of sediment transport.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling analysis of ultrasonic attenuation and angular scattering measurements of suspended particles

Fleckenstein

Storti

Deschwanden

et al. 2018

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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A combination of two models previously developed by Faran, and Atkinson and Kytömaa (Faran-AK model) was used to calculate the ultrasonic attenuation and the backscattering signal of a suspension of particles. The model of Atkinson and Kytömaa yielded the viscoelastic contributions while the model of Faran yielded the scattering contribution. A comparison with the more fundamental model by Epstein, Carhart, Allegra, and Hawley validated the combination, where the combination used here proved to be computationally less intensive and more stable. The Faran-AK model outputs were also compared with ultrasound measurements of glass beads with two different particle size distributions and varying concentrations. The comparison showed a very reasonable agreement of model and experiment.

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Acoustic measurement of suspensions of clay and silt particles using single frequency attenuation and backscatter

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Measurement and density normalisation of acoustic attenuation and backscattering constants of arbitrary suspensions within the Rayleigh scattering regime

Measurement and density normalisation of acoustic attenuation and backscattering constants of arbitrary suspensions within the Rayleigh scattering regime

Ultrasonic measurements of suspended sediment concentrations at Harris Bayou, Mississippi

Modeling analysis of ultrasonic attenuation and angular scattering measurements of suspended particles

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