Acoustic Green Synthesis of Graphene-Gallium Nanoparticles and PEDOT:PSS Hybrid Coating for Textile To Mitigate Electromagnetic Radiation Pollution

Abstract

Solid matrix-supported liquid metal nanoparticles have been drawing attention as a nanoadditive in the fabrication of electroconductive flexible and soft materials. The present work reports a facile, green, and sonochemical synthesis approach of gallium (Ga) nanoparticles embedded in reduced graphene oxide (RGO) under ambient conditions for the first time. The as-synthesized ultrasonic energy-irradiated RGO/Ga nanocomposite was studied using SEM, TEM, DSC, XRD, XPS, and solid-state NMR. Because of their electrical conductivity, RGO/Ga nanoparticles have been used as a conducting inclusion for a poly­(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly­(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) matrix and coated on cotton fabrics to develop a smart e-textile for electromagnetic (EM) radiation-shielding application. In the X-band (8.2–12.4 GHz) frequency range, the nanocomposites’ EM interference-shielding efficiency was about 34 dB. Moreover, because of the liquid metal–graphene interfaces; the fabricated materials were excellent heat conductors reporting ∼44% increment in thermal conductivity compared to a bare fabric. The coated cotton textile’s durability was tested under various conditions. The hard phase of the RGO/Ga nanoparticles is disseminated throughout the fabric, while the polymeric soft phase, that is, PEDOT:PSS macrochains, tended to interlink among the dispersed phases to construct a large spatial conducting network. Therefore, such a lightweight, flexible, and conductive e-fabric could be used not only for mitigating EM pollution but also as an alternative to commercial metallic EM wave absorbers in telecommunication, aerospace, and next-generation flexible electronics areas.

Rheology-Guided Assembly of a Highly Aligned MXene/Cellulose Nanofiber Composite Film for High-Performance Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Infrared Stealth

“…In comparison, MTDC films exhibit relatively low EMI SE of less than 30 dB owing to the loosely stacked structure with voids and defects, which might be conducive to the transmission of incident electromagnetic waves. All of the MXene/TOCNF composite films present an absorption-dominated EMI shielding mechanism (Figure e), consistent with most reported MXene-based films. ,, The absorptions of microwaves (SE A ) by the MTBC composite films are higher than 30 dB without exception, which is promising for EMI stealth . The excellent EMI SE of MTBC films is attributed to the prominent electrical conductivity of the compact structure with highly aligned MXene nanosheets.…”

“…All of the MXene/TOCNF composite films present an absorptiondominated EMI shielding mechanism (Figure 6e), consistent with most reported MXene-based films. 29,55,56 The absorptions of microwaves (SE A ) by the MTBC composite films are higher than 30 dB without exception, which is promising for EMI stealth. 7 The excellent EMI SE of MTBC films is attributed to the prominent electrical conductivity of the compact structure with highly aligned MXene nanosheets.…”

Mussel-Inspired Polynorepinephrine/MXene-Based Magnetic Nanohybrid for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding in X-Band and Strain-Sensing Performance

“…The communication systems emit a tremendous quantity of electromagnetic interference (EMI) that produces major issues not only to people but also to the security information and defence systems . To eradicate such problems, several scientists around the world developed electromagnetic (EM) shielding interference materials to defend the incoming EM waves from the electronic gadgets . The main goal is to develop shielding materials reaching a magnitude of shielding effectiveness (SE) of at least 20 dB, which is the commercial standard .…”

Flexible Polypyrrole Nanotube–Polyethylene Glycol–Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogels for Enhanced Electromagnetic Shielding

“…37 Even so, the mechanical properties of the composite films are still favorable for the practical applications. In terms of Figure 4b, our prepared PPPg delivers superior mechanical behavior, as compared to previous works, regarding the maximum stress and the corresponding tensile elastic strain, such as EMIM-TFSI (5 MPa, 31%), 38 CNC/MXene (1.025 MPa, 675%), 39 T 6 PAM (0.819 MPa, 80%), 40 PG5H10 (2.6 MPa, 12%), 41 Fe 3 O 4 / PEDOT: PSS/PVA (0.55 MPa, 850%), 42 RGO-Ga (0.06 MPa, 70%) 43 and PVA/MXene (0.6 MPa, 80%). 44 After more than 20 times bending and folding, it can be observed that the prepared PPPg-20 still possesses great flexibility (Figure 4c,d).…”