Acoustic focusing by symmetrical self-bending beams with phase modulations

Gao, He; Gu, Zhongming; Liang, Bin; Zou, Xin‐Ye; Yang, Jing; Yang, Jun; Cheng, Jianchun

doi:10.1063/1.4941992

Cited by 70 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Next, we employ a LAM to generate an Airy beam based on the method of APM, in comparison with the one formed by the PM method 30 , 31 . Figure 3a, b shows the reflection amplitude and phase profiles on the surface of the LAM (along the x direction) required for generating a high-quality Airy beam.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase

et al. 2018

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The fine manipulation of sound fields is critical in acoustics yet is restricted by the coupled amplitude and phase modulations in existing wave-steering metamaterials. Commonly, unavoidable losses make it difficult to control coupling, thereby limiting device performance. Here we show the possibility of tailoring the loss in metamaterials to realize fine control of sound in three-dimensional (3D) space. Quantitative studies on the parameter dependence of reflection amplitude and phase identify quasi-decoupled points in the structural parameter space, allowing arbitrary amplitude-phase combinations for reflected sound. We further demonstrate the significance of our approach for sound manipulation by producing self-bending beams, multifocal focusing, and a single-plane two-dimensional hologram, as well as a multi-plane 3D hologram with quality better than the previous phase-controlled approach. Our work provides a route for harnessing sound via engineering the loss, enabling promising device applications in acoustics and related fields.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase

et al. 2018

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“…The normalized Airy function is shown in Figure b, which clearly exhibits the oscillatory and exponential decaying features. For 1D Airy beam, the phase and displacement are described as follows

ϕ (x, θ) = Ai (b x) \exp (a x + i k b x \sin θ)

where k denotes the wave number, a is a positive value, b is the transverse scale, and

θ

is the bending direction. The desired phase distribution is introduced:

φ = \arg [ϕ (x, θ)] = k b x \sin θ

for

Ai (b x) \geq 0

, and

φ = \arg [ϕ (x, θ)] = π + k b x \sin θ

for

Ai (b x) < 0

.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Airy Beam Generation by Both Phase and Amplitude Modulation with Metasurfaces

Cheng

Liu

et al. 2016

Advanced Optical Materials

109

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the former nondiffracting beams such as Bessel beam, Airy beam has the remarkable feature of freely accelerating even in the absence of any external potential except for the nondiffracting and selfhealing properties. In the past few years, the tremendous application potential of Airy beam has been proposed and demonstrated, such as forming optical bullet, [ 3 ] optical micromanipulating, [ 5 ] and producing curved plasma channels. [ 6 ] However, traditional methods to generate Airy beam usually involve the Fourier transform of lens which needs at least one focus length and thus affects the compactness of optical system. [ 4,[7][8][9] It is even impossible to implement Airy beam in the integrated optics system with size comparable to wavelength, which limits its application in the fi eld of nanotechnology.As a new class of metamaterials, metasurfaces which consist of a monolayer of planar structures have shown great promise for producing nearly arbitrary wavefront of electromagnetic waves by engineering structure dependent phase shift with less energy loss. [ 10,11 ] Some exotic applications have been demonstrated using metasurfaces, including anomalous refraction, [12][13][14] ultrathin fl at lens, [ 15,16 ] perfect absorbance, [17][18][19] spin-Hall effect of light, [ 20 ] and optical polarization conversion of light. [21][22][23] Based on the idea of metamaterials and metasurfaces, Minovich et al. proposed the phase-modulation method to produce the Airy beam. [ 24 ] The small dimension of metamaterials fi nely solves the diffi culty in generating self-accelerated beams in nanoscale. However, due to the complexity of Airy function and nanostructure, it is hardly possible to consider the amplitude modulation at the same time, which damages the profi le of Airy beam. [ 25 ] Recently, the anomalous refraction and refl ection conformed to generalized Snell's Law were achieved by various-shaped nanoantennas. [ 10,26,27 ] Generalized optical laws were fi rst demonstrated by using V-shaped optical antennas and later by using refl ect-arrays. This provides us with a new tool to simultaneously control amplitude and phase of scattered light by metasurfaces, which can also be utilized to generate nanoscale Airy beam with both phase and amplitude modulation.Here, we propose a metasurface composed of orthogonal gold nanorods, which can generate Airy beam with both phase and amplitude modulation without inducing too much complexity. By engineering the metasurface-induced phase profi le and tuning the length of nanorods at the same time, the phase and amplitude of Airy beam can be readily modulated. We also The Airy beam represent the only possible nondiffracting wave packets in 1D planar systems with curved trajectory, which has attracted considerable research interest due to its nondiffracting, self-healing properties, and unique self-bending behavior in the absence of any external potential. Because of the complexity of the Airy function and generation structure, an Airy beam with both phase and amplitude modulation is hard...

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“…The concept of self-bending beams (used in this paper to illustrate our approach) was initially used in engineering applications, to obscure buildings from noise [35] or protect areas from earthquakes [29]. Such beams can produce a focal point at the end of the curve [36,37] and act as single beam acoustic tweezers [38][39][40]. With the abilities of obscuring obstacles and self-healing [36,37,41,42], selfbending beams show a promising method to allow obstacle avoidance [43,44], which has limited other levitation/haptics approaches (e.g.…”

Section: Self-bending Beamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SoundBender

Norasikin

Plasencia

Polychronopoulos

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 31st Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology

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Ultrasound manipulation is growing in popularity in the HCI community with applications in haptics, on-body interaction, and levitation-based displays. Most of these applications share two key limitations: a) the complexity of the sound fields that can be produced is limited by the physical size of the transducers; and b) no obstacles can be present between the transducers and the control point. We present SoundBender, a hybrid system that overcomes these limitations by combining the versatility of phased arrays of transducers (PATs) with the precision of acoustic metamaterials. In this paper, we explain our approach to design and implement such hybrid modulators (i.e. to create complex sound fields) and methods to manipulate the field dynamically (i.e. stretch, steer). We demonstrate our concept using self-bending beams enabling both levitation and tactile feedback around an obstacle and present example applications enabled by SoundBender.

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Acoustic focusing by symmetrical self-bending beams with phase modulations

Cited by 70 publications

References 25 publications

Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase

Fine manipulation of sound via lossy metamaterials with independent and arbitrary reflection amplitude and phase

Plasmonic Airy Beam Generation by Both Phase and Amplitude Modulation with Metasurfaces

SoundBender

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