Acoustic Field Generated by a Beam of Protons Stopping in a Water Medium

Experimental observation of acoustic emissions generated by a pulsed proton beam from a hospital‐based clinical cyclotron

“…[6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] Based on the difference between their characteristic proton spills, the protoacoustic pressure amplitude generated by single-bunch synchrotron spills (<1 µs) is expected to be higher than those generated by either clinical cyclotrons, which typically deliver proton spills with ∼50 µs rise and fall times, or clinical synchrotrons, which typically deliver with ∼200 µs rise and fall times. 22 Given the short (<1 µs) spill times and high (up to 100 mA instantaneous 11 ) proton current capabilities, previous observations of the protoacoustic signal have employed linear accelerator, 6 synchrotron, [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and tandem-accelerator 18 proton sources. Protoacoustic signals have also been observed using cyclotron-derived proton beams, 6,19 but these have used custom, modifiable beam lines originally built for research before they were applied to clinical therapy use, and the spill rise times were not reported.…”

Experimental Study of the Acoustic Field Generated By Proton Beams in Water

“…Measurements were made from the point X = -15cm to ɏ = 17,9cm with step s 1 . The space-time picture of the radiation-acoustic field has been reproduced for the first time in papers [3,4] under the conditions close to the present experiment but only in parallel traces. In the present experiment the technique of space-time pattern reconstruction, developed in these papers is applied.…”

“…The experiment was carried out at the external proton beam of ITEP accelerator in conditions similar to described in papers [2][3][4]. The acoustic field has been generated in water basin by the beam with energy 200 MeV.…”

“…Simulations in accelerating laboratories use as a rule beam of lowenergy protons transverse to their stoppage. In this case the energy loss distribution has another shape: almost uniform along all range of protons comes to the end with a sharp maximum in a zone of so-called Bragg peak in the area of ionization range.In 2002 the space-time picture of acoustic field arising in water has been registered for the first time [2][3][4]. Measurements have been fulfilled in the points located on trajectories, parallel to beam direction.…”

Acoustic signals from proton beam interaction in water—Comparing experimental data and Monte Carlo simulation

“…More recent contributions at proton accelerator facilities can be found in Refs. [4,5] and considering the preliminary report presented at the ARENA 2005 Workshop [6], concerning acoustic data collected at ITEP-Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia. Results presented in the following complete the study, including a detailed Monte Carlo, whose potential has been tested in order to apply the computation achievements to the neutrino case.…”