Acoustic emission monitoring to study sodium sulphate crystallization in monumental porous carbonate stones

Grossi, Carlota M.; Esbert, R. M.; Río, Luis Miguel Suárez del; Montoto, M.; Laurenzi-Tabasso, M.

doi:10.1179/sic.1997.42.2.115

Cited by 29 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In these tests, the material under study is impregnated with a sodium sulfate solution and subsequently dried at enhanced temperature. This leads to the crystallization of anhydrous Na 2 SO 4 , presumably a mixture of stable Na 2 SO 4 (V) and metastable Na 2 SO 4 (III) (Grossi et al, 1997). Subsequent cooling of (2)…”

Section: Generation Of Stress In Wetting-drying Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phase V, also known as the mineral thenardite, is the stable phase at low temperature. Although phase III is metastable, the formation of Na 2 SO 4 (III) is frequently observed upon evaporation of sodium sulfate solutions (Amirthalingam et al, 1977;Grossi et al, 1997). It was found that both solids, Na 2 SO 4 (V) and Na 2 SO 4 (III) precipitated during the evaporation of sodium sulfate solutions above the mirabilite-thenardite transition temperature at 32.4°C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Crystallization of sodium sulfate phases in porous materials: The phase diagram Na2SO4–H2O and the generation of stress

Steiger

Asmussen

2008

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

327

221

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Section: Generation Of Stress In Wetting-drying Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Crystallization of sodium sulfate phases in porous materials: The phase diagram Na2SO4–H2O and the generation of stress

Steiger

Asmussen

2008

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

327

221

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“…Rocks undergo measurable weathering as a result of environmental conditions (Halsey et al, 1998), although it is more difficult to observe in low porosity granites. The objective of ageing tests is to reproduce the slow, natural processes of weathering at a more accelerated pace in the laboratory (Dearman, 1982;Martin et al, 1992;Aslam, 1992;Grossi et al, 1997;Rivas et al, 1998;Park et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of microfractures and porosity on the physico-mechanical properties and weathering of ornamental granites

Sousa

Río

Calleja

et al. 2005

Engineering Geology

299

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The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the influence porosity and fissuration exert on the physico-mechanical properties and durability of nine Portuguese ornamental granites with different petrographical and physical characteristics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allows the type of cracks (intergranular, intragranular and transgranular) to be identified. A microfracture index was calculated based on the collected data. This index is called linear crack density (LCD) and is defined by the number of cracks per length unit. The results reveal that intragranular cracks are the most frequent and represent between 62.9% and 82.3% of all the cracks observed. A physical weathering classification system based on linear crack density values of the studied granites is presented. The voids included in these types of rocks are predominantly microfractures and correlate closely with open porosity and linear crack density. Uniaxial compressive strength and P-wave velocity (V P ) appear to decrease as linear crack density increases, albeit with low correlation coefficients. This may be due to the fact that linear crack density does not take into account possible preferential crack orientation and both properties are strongly dependent on this preferential orientation. Other textural characteristics, such as grain size and preferential orientation of certain minerals, may contribute to these low correlation coefficients. In ageing tests, the salt crystallization test demonstrated greater material loss in granites with higher linear crack densities and thermal shock testing proved that thermal cracks have a greater influence on V P in rocks with lower linear crack densities. In light of the ageing tests results, precaution is recommended when using granites with effective porosities greater than 3% as dimension stone out-of-doors in polluted continental or marine areas. D

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“…with deposition in fractures), which results in expansion of the solid volume filling the fracture. Volume expansion increases stresses on the fracture surface, and if the stresses are large enough a cracking event is triggered that opens the fracture and generates elastic waves (i.e., seismic energy) [e.g., Grossi et al, 1997]. Cracking maintains permeability and exposes fresh mineral surfaces in the fracture network, most likely anhydrite, creating a positive feedback with fluid flow and mineral precipitation.…”

Section: Reaction-driven Crackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep explosive volcanism on the Gakkel Ridge and seismological constraints on shallow recharge at TAG active mound

Pontbriand¹

2013

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Seafloor digital imagery and bathymetric data are used to evaluate the volcanic characteristics of the 85°E segment of the ultraslow spreading Gakkel Ridge (9 mm yr -1 ). Imagery reveals that ridges and volcanic cones in the axial valley are covered by numerous, small-volume lava flows, including a few flows fresh enough to have potentially erupted during the 1999 seismic swarm at the site. The morphology and distribution of volcaniclastic deposits observed on the seafloor at depths of ~3800 m, greater than the critical point for steam generation, are consistent with having formed by explosive discharge of magma and CO 2 from source vents.Microearthquakes recorded on a 200 m aperture seismometer network deployed on the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse active mound, a seafloor massive sulfide on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 26°N, are used to image subsurface processes at the hydrothermal system. Over nine-months, 32,078 local microearthquakes (M L = -1) with single-phase arrivals cluster on the southwest flank of the deposit at depths <125 m. Microearthquakes characteristics are consistent with reaction-driven cracking driven by anhydrite deposition in the shallow secondary circulation system. Exit fluid temperatures recorded at diffuse vents on the mound during the microearthquake study are used to explore linkages between seismicity and venting. AcknowledgmentsI owe my deepest gratitude to my advisers, Rob Sohn and Adam Soule, for their invaluable guidance, continual patience and support throughout the course of my graduate work. They contributed enormous energy and enthusiasm to my research and taught me how to question, pursue knowledge, and take chances. I would like to express great appreciation to all the members of my thesis committee for their insights during the preparation of this thesis: Andy Solow, Jeff McGuire, Nafi Toksöz, and Meg Tivey. I would especially like to thank Andy Solow for guidance on statistical methods; Jeff McGuire for sharing his expertise in seismology and for the field experience of working on an active source survey; Nafi Toksöz and the MIT Earth Resources Laboratory, including Fuxian Song and Junlun Li, for sharing their work on small-scale seismics; and Meg Tivey for her knowledge of the geochemical processes and structure of the TAG active mound. I would also like to thank my Thesis Defense Chair, Susan Humphris, for her feedback and patient explanations of Gakkel Ridge geochemistry. It is an honor for me to benefit from the expertise of these scientists. Assistance provided by the WHOI Academic Programs Office, especially Julia Westwater, is greatly appreciated. I would like to extend thanks to Jim Yoder for allowing me a voice about the direction of the program, and the JCMG&G, especially Rob Evans, for encouraging my progress. I wish to acknowledge my professors, especially Ralph Stephen, Jack Whitehead, and Lauren Mullineaux, for their engaging teaching. Thanks to my administrator, Kelly Servant, for her encouragement, and to my fellow students in the Joint Program and WHO...

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Acoustic emission monitoring to study sodium sulphate crystallization in monumental porous carbonate stones

Cited by 29 publications

References 11 publications

Crystallization of sodium sulfate phases in porous materials: The phase diagram Na2SO4–H2O and the generation of stress

Crystallization of sodium sulfate phases in porous materials: The phase diagram Na2SO4–H2O and the generation of stress

Influence of microfractures and porosity on the physico-mechanical properties and weathering of ornamental granites

Deep explosive volcanism on the Gakkel Ridge and seismological constraints on shallow recharge at TAG active mound

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