Acoustic emission monitoring from a lab scale high shear granulator—A novel approach

Watson, Nick J.; Povey, M. J. W.; Reynolds, Gavin K.; Xu, Bao‐Hua; Ding, Yulong

doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.01.032

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Watson et al [104] developed a monitoring system that can identify different stages of the granulation process by combining a high-speed camera with AE to study the influence of process variables on granulation. This work showed that AE monitoring was beneficial to the monitoring of the wet granulation process.…”

Section: Pat Implementation In Pharmaceutical Granulation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulation process analysis technologies and potential applications in traditional Chinese medicine

Cui

Hou

Feng

et al. 2022

Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine

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Pharmaceutical production is changing from batch production to continuous production, during which granulation is one of the most important unit operations. The quality of mass-produced products is traditionally guaranteed by conducting off-line testing, which cannot meet the demand of continuous production for real-time monitoring of critical process parameters and critical quality attributes (CQAs) of the pharmaceutical granulation technology. Since the U.S. Food and Drug Administration proposed process analytical technology (PAT) in 2004, many PAT tools have been developed to monitor the granulation process and provide information regarding the granulation operation conditions and endpoint determination. In this article, we review the recent research and application of two PAT modes in the granulation process, namely, single CQA and multi-CQA PAT, with the aim to provide references for comprehensively improving the technological level of the pharmaceutical granulation process. Furthermore, the potential applications in traditional Chinese Medicine are discussed.

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Section: Pat Implementation In Pharmaceutical Granulation Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulation process analysis technologies and potential applications in traditional Chinese medicine

Cui

Hou

Feng

et al. 2022

Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Acoustic signals are calibrated with different mixing states which are then correlated with the signals emanating from the mixing vessel to predict mixing states and end points [185]. The frequency of beats pattern and the vibrational modes of the acoustic signals have been found to depend on the material properties [186] and size [187] of the particles being mixed [188].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies performed by Watson et al [185] noted that the acoustic technique can be used to identify formation of excessively large granules due to over-wetting and thus could also be used to identify faults in the process. A few studies such as that of Crouter et al [198] and Crouter [183] Another challenge to the large-scale adoption is that acoustic methods can only be applied to systems where appreciable acoustic emissions are produced such that their evolution can be tracked and converted to data that describes the process under scrutiny [188].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of noninvasive methods to characterize granular mixing

Nadeem

Heindel

2018

Powder Technology

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Granular mixing is a common process observed in a variety of industries such as construction, chemical processing, food handling, and cosmetics and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Over the years several methods have been devised to characterize granular mixing and to provide information on the quality of the mixture as well as mixing end points. In this work, three different noninvasive measurement categories are reviewed, namely: velocimetric, spectroscopic, and tomographic techniques. Velocimetric techniques such as Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Radioactive particle tracking (RPT) are able to provide the trajectories and velocities of individual particles during the mixing process. Spectroscopic techniques focus on the chemical composition of the sample and are well suited for applications where there is little difference in the physical properties of the constituents such as particle size and density. Tomographic techniques such as X-ray computed tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provide information such as the spatial distribution of the different constituents in the sample and are useful in determining dead zones and inhomogeneities. A few other techniques are also discussed, particularly passive acoustic methods which, though can neither provide spatial distribution nor individual particle trajectories, are still useful and can be employed to determine mixing end points. The objective of the work is to provide a comparative assessment of the various noninvasive techniques and discuss their ability to effectively characterize the mixing process. The reported techniques will be reviewed thoroughly based on their functionality, viability, and characterization capability. The advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques are summarized and a comparison of the utility of the techniques in various applications is discussed.

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“…endpoint of granulation like Near Infrared Spectroscopy 4 , acoustic emission monitoring 5 , power consumption 6 , etc. Previously, powder rheological measurements along with thermal effusivity have been established as a tool to determine the optimum region for wet granulation endpoint, using water and Microcrystalline Cellulose PH 101 (MCC) 7 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2014

IJPSR

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Solvent used for preparing binder solution in a wet granulation process is one of the major factors which dictate the granule properties. Aim of our current research was to understand the effect of solvents on flow properties of Microcrystalline Cellulose granules prepared using Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose as a binder by using rheological tools and subsequently studying the effect of relative humidity on the rheology of dried granules. Granules were prepared by using 2.5% w/w binder solution in water and water: ethanol mixture (20:80 v/v). Prepared granules were dried, sieved, and further analyzed. Effect of relative humidity on the flowability of dried granules was studied at 22%, 52%, 75% RH at room temperature for 48 hours. Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Powder rheometer were used to study the thermal and flow properties of wet, dried, and humidity exposed granules. Results show that the hydro-alcoholic batches show greater resistance to flow in wet granule stage. But, its dried granules display good flow characteristics as evident from Basic flowability energy values. Bulk density of granules depends on the solvent used and in turn, affects the rheological properties of granules. Intragranular moisture levels are affected by solvent used on exposure to different humidity conditions. This work shows that solvent plays a major role on the rheology of microcrystalline cellulose granules which could help formulation scientist for the choice of better solvent for binder preparation and the optimum relative humidity conditions for storage of granules.

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Acoustic emission monitoring from a lab scale high shear granulator—A novel approach

Cited by 8 publications

References 40 publications

Granulation process analysis technologies and potential applications in traditional Chinese medicine

Granulation process analysis technologies and potential applications in traditional Chinese medicine

Review of noninvasive methods to characterize granular mixing

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