“…2 . This has been shown in a number of studies concerning different kinds of materials like rock (Shiotani 2006), concrete (Ohno and Ohtsu 2010, Soulioti et al 2009, Aggelis et al 2011a, metals (Aggelis et al 2011b) and composite laminates (Aggelis et al 2010b). It originates from the different elastic wave modes (longitudinal and shear) that are emitted from the mode I excitation (opposing movement of the crack faces) and mode II (sliding movement) respectively (Aggelis et al 2010c).…”